1. Consider briefly discussing how current enforcement of laws against corporate

Question

1. Consider briefly discussing how current enforcement of laws against corporate and white-collar crimes (illegal restraint of trade, price fixing, false advertising, environmental pollution, insider trading, etc.) reflect the views of Marxist criminologists. Offenders frequently receive much more lenient punishments than those who commit street-level property crimes (e.g., theft, burglary). How would conflict theories (there are many branches with this school of theories) explain this?

2. When discussing feminist criminology, consider discussing John Hagan’s power-control theory, which suggests that the distribution of crime and delinquency within society is based at least in part upon the consequences that power relationships within the wider society hold for domestic settings and for the everyday relationships among men, women, and children within the context of family life. How do you see this theory in explanation of increasing violence and gang activities committed by females?

Explanation / Answer

Criminology is the study of crime as social phenomena. Marxist Criminology is a theory that attempts to explain crime through the prism of Marxism. Marxist Criminology says during the struggle for resources in capitalism, crime emerges as those on the bottom contend for social, political and economic equality. Marxist theory condemns Western capitalist society as an unjust divide between two classes: the ruling bourgeoisie who own the means of production and the proletariat, the poor masses with nothing to offer but their own labour. Marxist approach to crime centers on this class struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Because the capitalists control the political state, they also control the criminal justice system. The system appears to serve the interests of the proletariat, but it is in reality used against them by the ruling class. Greenberg states that the theme dominating Marxist criminology is the “contention that criminal legislation is determined not by moral consensus or the common interests of the entire society, but by the relative power of groups determined to use the criminal law to advance their own special interests or to impose their moral preferences on others. This can also been seen in present times and matches the Marxist idea of crimes since white collars with help of money and muscle power an easily break laws without any severe punishment but on other hand labour class has to face severe consequences for their actions. Feminist criminology seeks to address this limitation by enhancing our understanding of both male and female offending as well as criminal justice system responses to their crimes. Feminist criminologists seek to place gender at the center of the discourse, bringing women’s ways of understanding the world into the scholarship on crime , criminality, and responses to crime. Power-control theory sets out to explain the gender differences in delinquency based on the power play going on in the family structure, as well as the parental controls exercised on boys versus girls. According to power-control theory, mothers have traditionally been responsible for exercising social control and their increasing involvement in the work place may enhance their power within the home, decrease their social control activity and affect the willingness of girls to violate norms. this theory explains that when balance is not maintained and proper control is not exercised and since present times people practice Pseudo feminism and this somehow is giving rise to increase violence and gang activities committed by females

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