23 According to Azrin, Hutchinson, and Hake\'s work on aggression in pigeons dur

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23 According to Azrin, Hutchinson, and Hake's work on aggression in pigeons during a Attack behavior occurred if another pigeon wa b. Termination of food delivery, not the learned s present during extinction of key-pecking key peck response, was the critical factor in producing attack C. Duration of attack was a direct function of the number of food deliveries d. All of the above results were found 24. Reinforcers that obtain their value through association with primary reinforcers are b. conditioned reinforcers c. extrinsic reinforcers d. two choices are correct 25. In Wolfe's study with a T-maze which had one goal box painted white and the other black, the reinforcement was always presented in the white box. Under extinction testing the rats preferred the white box. The explanation in the text was that the white box had become: a. an S- b. a discriminative cue that signaled no reinforcement c. neither of the above d. both of the above 26. Techniques used to determine if a stimulus has become a secondary reinforcer include: a. the extinction technique b. the new response technique c. both of the above d. neither of the above 27. Continuous presentations of the primary reinforcement after the secondary reinforcement have a lesser strengthening effect on the secondary reinforcer than intermittent reinforcement presentations a. true b. false c. depends on the strength of the primary reinforcer d. depends on the salience of the primary reinforcer 28. Reynolds taught pigeons to key peck for food in the presence of a blue light. The blue light should therefore have become a secondary reinforcer. When pigeons were then given the option of choosing a schedule with a few presentations (e.g. 3) of blue lights but in which the blue light was always accompanied by food or a schedule in which there were many presentations of blue light, only 3 of which were accompanied by food, the pigeons preferred the first. This indicates that a. secondary reinforcers have the same properties as primary reinforcers b. secondary reinforcers have become reinforcing in their own right c. secondary reinforcers are only reinforcing if they predictably signal the primary reinforcer d. all of the above 29. Several researchers (e.g. Keller, Schoenfeld, Skinner, and Dinsmoor) believe that in order for a stimulus to act as a secondary reinforcer it must be a discriminative stimulus. This statement is known as the a uncertainty-reduction hypothesis b. delay reduction hypothesis c, discriminative cue hypothesis d pairing hypothesis

Explanation / Answer

23. The correct answer is Option D. All of the above results were found in the study.

24. The correct answer is Option D. Two choices (secondary reinforcement and conditioned reinforcement) are correct.

25. The correct answer is Option C. Neither of the above explanations for the white box were provided in the text.

26. The correct answer is Option C. Both the techniques are used to determine if a stimulus has become a secondary reinforcer.

Please post the other questions separately as we are supposed to answer just one question or four sub parts of a question.

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