21. What is one of the social policy issues that surrounds genetic testing? a) W

Question

21. What is one of the social policy issues that surrounds genetic testing? a) Whether the results of genetic tests should be released to parents. b) Whether the government should cover the costs of a full set of genetic tests for every pregnancy, regardless of the parents' ability to pay c) How we will protect the privacy of genetic information so that it is not used by employers or health insurance companies against the individual d) How to stop scientists from uncovering the genetic bases of a greater number of diseases and disabling conditions 22. After sperm and egg unite, the fertilized cell begins to divide and is now known as a a)zygote b)fetus c)allele d)embryo 23. From the approximate number of 25,000 genes in a set of human chromosomes a) each nucleotide base pair becomes active at one point or another in development b) 50% of the nucleotide base pairs only have a role in cell division c) only about 2% of the nucleotide base pairs provide active instructions d) we have successfully mapped the functions of about 80% of the nucleotide base pairs. 24. The structure and function of every cell in the body is governed by a)genes b)neurotransmitters c)electrical impulses d)hormones 25. Dizygotic twins a) can develop from one zygote b) are most common in Asian middle-class families c) are no more alike genetically than any sibling pair born to the same parents d) do not run in families.

Explanation / Answer

25)A

Twins can be either monozygotic("identical"), meaning that they develop from one zygote, which splits and forms two embryos, or dizygotic ("fraternal"), meaning that they develop from two different eggs. In fraternal twins, each twin is fertilized by its own sperm cell.

21)C

Each new genetic test that is developed raises serious issues for medicine, public health, and social policy regarding the circumstances under which the test should be used, how the test is implemented, and what uses are made of its results. Should people be allowed to choose or refuse the test, or should it be mandatory, as newborn screening is in some states? Should people be able to control access to the results of their tests? If test results are released to third parties such as employers or insurers, what protections should be in place to ensure that people are not treated unfairly because of their genotype?

22)D

24)D

Hormones, in their most basic sense, are chemical messengers. Hormones are released from specific organs or glands in the body and travel through the blood stream to send messages to other cells. All of the cells in our bodies have specific hormonereceptors.

23)b

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