For your this paper you will take a stand on a controversy in learning theory. T
ID: 3445308 • Letter: F
Question
For your this paper you will take a stand on a controversy in learning theory. The topic is The Effects of a child's home or social environment on bullying behavior.
Support your paper with the reference list of the resources or websites used for information.
Length: 1-2 page
For your this paper you will take a stand on a controversy in learning theory. The topic is The Effects of a child's home or social environment on bullying behavior.
Support your paper with the reference list of the resources or websites used for information.
Length: 1-2 page
Explanation / Answer
Effects of a child's home or social environment on bullying behavior.
The effects of being bullied and of bullying others in elementary school on longer-run education, health and risky behavior. We employ a number of strategies in order to come closer to identifying a causal impact of such experiences than previous research.
We first combine our rich conditioning set with mother fixed effects.
Second, we incorporate classroom and school fixed effects.
Third, we account for detailed measures of ability and behavior measured just prior to exposure to bullying.
We find that being bullied and bullying reduces GPA by around 20% of a Standard deviation., which is comparable to the effect of having 7 more pupils in the class. Being a victim of bullying also increases future use of psychopharmacological medication,
body weight (boys) and
the probability of teenage pregnancy (girls),
while being a perpetrator leads to a higher probability of future criminal convictions.
Besides the direct effect bullying has on the child in the longer run, we show that an additional mechanism may arise through teacher perceptions of short-run abilities and behavior. Given that bullying seems to be so costly for all parts involved, can it be limited?
The idea is to combine warmth and positive involvement from adults with firm limits to unacceptable behavior. Violation of the limits and rules should be followed by non-hostile, non-physical sanctions. The program implicitly requires some monitoring of behavior as well as adults acting as authorities at least in some respects. This relatively simple skeleton underlies bullying prevention programs implemented all over the world. Yet bullying prevails. Of course, such intensive programs are likely expensive and rely at least partly on very specific – and possibly limited – human resources. However, our results indicate that such programs may have longer run aggregate effects in improving education, health and 39 risky behavior of the population because effects of being bullied and bullying on individual outcomes are large.
Literature review
Agnew, R. (1992), Foundation for a General Strain Theory of Crime and Delinquency. Criminology 30, 47-88. Akerlof, G. A. and R. E. Kranton (2002), Identity and Schooling: Some Lessons for the Economics of Education. Journal of Economic Perspecitives 40, 1167-1201.
Altonji, J. G., Elder, T. E., and C. R. Taber (2005), Selection on Observed and Unobserved Variables: Assessing the Effectiveness of Catholic Schools. Journal of Political Economy 113, 151-184.
Brown, S. and K. Taylor (2007), Bullying, education and earnings: Evidence from the NationalChild Development Study, Economics of Education Review 27, 387-401.
Currie, J. and M. Stabile (2006), Child Mental Health and Human Capital Accumulation: The Case of ADHD, Journal of Health Economics 25, 1094-1118.
Currie, J. and E. Tekin (2012), Understanding the Cycle: Childhood Maltreatment and Future Crime. Journal of Human Resources 47, 509-550.
Dalsgaard, S., Nielsen, H. S., and M. Simonsen (2012), The Effects of Pharmacological Treatment of ADHD on Children’s Health. Manuscript, Aarhus University.
Delvaux, T., P. Buekens, I. Godin, and M. Boutsen (2001), Barriers to Prenatal Care in Europe. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 21, 52-59. 40
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