we can con cintetrom cont idenceintaral t per For each of the prompts below, dec

Question

we can con cintetrom cont idenceintaral t per For each of the prompts below, decide whether the parameter of interest is a mean difference (matched pairs, d) or a difference in means (independent samples, ,-H2). i appea an e Does it matter where you take your car to get body work done after being in an automobile accident? A random sample of ten cars that needed body work after an accident was obtained. For each car, an estimate for repairs in $ was obtained from two different body shops: Crash-Fix (a national chain) and Joe's-Garage (a local shop) our goal is determining if, on the average, the estimate (5) for repairs from Crash-Fix is larger than what is 1. found with Joe's-Garage. 2. A study wants to determine how millennials best complete a task. A sample of 20 millenials was obtained such that each was randomly assigned to either be in one of two groups. One group worked in "noisy" conditions while the other group worked in "quiet" conditions. Each participant was given a task to complete where the amount of time (in hours) needed to complete the task was recorded. Students in a large calculus class believe that their professor grades exams too hard with regard to not getting enough partial credit. In order to check this claim, the professor had a colleague also grade 10 exams. So these 10 exams had two grades, one from the professor and one from the colleague. The Professor's research question is: Does the data suggest that the colleague grades less harshly, on the average? 3. pected?

Explanation / Answer

Independent

These types of t-tests are used to compare groups of participants that are not related in any way. The groups are independent from one another. So, participants in one group have no relationship to participants in the second group. This is sometimes called a between subjects design.

Paired

These types of tests are used to compare groups that are related in some way. There are so many ways that participants in two groups can be related. One way is that participants in the first group are the same as participants in the second group. This is sometimes called a repeated measures design. A second way is that participants in the first group are genetically related to participants in the second group. For example, a pair of twins could be divided up so one twin participated with the first group and the other twin participated with the second group. A third way is if participants in one group are matched with participants in a second group by some attribute. For example, if a participant in the first group rates high on depression, researchers might try to find a participant in the second group that also rates high on depression.
So,

a) Paired

b) Independent

c) Paired

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