For the following studies, identify if the samples are independent samples or de

Question

For the following studies, identify if the samples are independent samples or dependent (paired) samples.

a) A retailer is testing a new hand lotion. Each subject is asked to put brand X on one hand and brand Y on the other hand. The sample data are the measurements of moisture levels on the brand X hand and on the brand Y hand.

b) A researcher is interested in the effects of second­hand smoke. The researcher chooses a random sample of 50 households with smokers and a separate random sample of 50 households with no smokers. The researcher studies the lung tissue of a non­smoking resident from each household and compares the lung tissue of the 50 non­smokers from smoking households to the lung tissue of 50 non­smokers from non­smoking households.

c) A sample of ten military recruits participate in a rifle­shooting competition. The same ten recruits complete a week­long training course and afterwards perform in the same rifle­shooting competition. We wish to compare the recruits’ performances before and after the training

Explanation / Answer

a)dependent(paired) sample.

because, we are asking the same person for testing both the brands. It is not independent.

b)Independent samples.

because the researcher selected two different samples one is of househols with smokers and the another is of households with no smokers, and both are independent of each other.

c) dependent sample.

since we need to test the perfomances of the same ten recruits, the sample remains same but the output will be different. So, It is a case of paired sample.

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