A research team is hired to investigate the relationship between hypertension an

Question

A research team is hired to investigate the relationship between hypertension and periodontal disease in a population of individuals followed in an observational study for a period of 10 years. Assume hypertension (categorized as systolic BP > 125) is the exposure, and the outcome periodontal disease is dichotomous (Y/N). The following table summarizes the results of their study. Calculate the incidence of periodontal disease in the exposed and unexposed (show all your steps). Calculate the relative risk for periodontal disease due to exposure in this study (show all your steps). Interpret the results in part B.

Explanation / Answer

1. Incidence of preiodontal disease in the exposed group = Number of Periodontal disease in exposure group/ Total number in exposure group = 71/209 = 0.34 = 34%

Incidence of preiodontal disease in the unexposed group = Number of Periodontal disease in unexposed group/ Total number in unexposed group = 27/276 = 0.098 = 9.8%

2. In the exposure group, risk of periodontal disease = Number of Periodontal disease in exposure group/ Total number in exposure group = 71/209 = 0.34

In the non-exposure group, risk of periodontal disease = Number of Periodontal disease in non-exposure group/ Total number in non-exposure group = 27/276 = 0.098

Relative risk for periodontal disease due to exposure = 0.34/0.098 = 3.47

3. The risk of having periodontal disease is 3.47 times as high for individuals having hypertension disease compared to those who do not have hypertension disease.

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