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It is a striking fact that the first digits of numbers in legitimate records oft

ID: 3208728 • Letter: I

Question

It is a striking fact that the first digits of numbers in legitimate records often follow a distribution known as Benford's Law, shown below.

Fake records usually have fewer first digits 1, 2, and 3. What is the approximate probability, if Benford's Law holds, that among 1209 randomly chosen invoices there are no more than 681 in amounts with first digit 1, 2, or 3? (Round your answer to four decimal places.)

First digit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Proportion 0.293 0.186 0.11 0.083 0.051 0.058 0.033 0.04 0.146

Explanation / Answer

Result:

It is a striking fact that the first digits of numbers in legitimate records often follow a distribution known as Benford's Law, shown below.

First digit

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Proportion

0.293

0.186

0.11

0.083

0.051

0.058

0.033

0.04

0.146

Fake records usually have fewer first digits 1, 2, and 3. What is the approximate probability, if Benford's Law holds, that among 1209 randomly chosen invoices there are no more than 681 in amounts with first digit 1, 2, or 3? (Round your answer to four decimal places.)

p = P( fewer first digits 1, 2, and 3) =0.293+0.186+0.110 =0.589

n=1209

using Binomial distribution,

Expectation = np = 712.101

Variance = np(1 - p) = 292.673511

Standard deviation = 17.1077

Z value for 681, z =(681-712.101)/ 17.1077 = -1.82

P( x 681) = P( z <-1.82)

=0.0344

First digit

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Proportion

0.293

0.186

0.11

0.083

0.051

0.058

0.033

0.04

0.146

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