It is a biological fact that animals in most species will make greater sacrifice

Question

It is a biological fact that animals in most species will make greater sacrifices for near relatives than for others. (For instance, a calf's mother will defend it to the death hut will not defend the calf of another cow.) Given this fact, there is a general law that animals act so as to preserve genes similar to their own. But it there is a general law that animals act so as to preserve genes similar to their own, then sociobiologists are right and it is biologically impossible to treat all people equally. Now, if it is biologically impossible to treat all people equally, then it is futile to preach the ideal of equality and futile to preach the ideal of universal love. Hence, it is futile to preach universal love if sociobiologists are right. (B: It is a biological fact that animals in most species will make greater sacrifices for near relatives than for others; G: There is a general law that animals act so as to preserve genes similar to their own; S: Sociobiologists are right; E: It is biologically impossible to treat all people equally; P: It is futile to preach the ideal of equality; U: It is futile to preach the ideal of universal love)

Explanation / Answer

for B there exist G (BG)

G implies S and E (GSE)

E implies P and U (EPU)

S implies U( SU)

thus,

BG

GSE

EPU

SU

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