1. What were the name and type of measurement method used to measure Caring Prac
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Question
1. What were the name and type of measurement method used to measure Caring Practices in the Roch, Dubois, and Clarke (2014) study?
2. The data collected with the scale identi? ed in Questions 1 were at what level of measurement? Provide a rationale for your answer.
3. What were the subscales included in the CNPISS used to measure RNs ’ perceptions of their Caring Practices? Do these subscales seem relevant? Document your answer.
4. Which subscale for Caring Practices had the lowest mean? What does this result indicate?
5.What were the dispersion results for the Relational Care subscale of the Caring Practices in Table 2 ? What do these results indicate?
Introduction Roch and colleagues (2014) conducted a two-phase mixed methods study (Creswell, 2014) to describe the elements of the organizational climate of hospitals that directly affect nursing practice. The first phase of the study was quantitative and involved surveying nurses (N 292), who described their hospital organizational climate and their caring practices. The second phase was qualitative and involved a study of 15 direct-care regis- tered nurses (RNs), nursing personnel, and managers. The researchers found the follow- ing: "Workload intensity and role ambiguity led RNs to leave many caring practices to practical nurses and assistive personnel. Systemic interventions are needed to improve organizational climate and to support RNs' involvement in a full range of caring prac tices" (Roch et al., 2014, p. 229) Relevant Study Results The survey data were collected using the Psychological Climate Questionnaire (PCQ) and the Caring Nurse-Patient Interaction Short Scale (CNPISS). The PCQ included a five point Likert-type scale that ranged from strongly disagree to strongly agree, with the high scores corresponding to positive perceptions of the organizational climate. The CNPISS included a five-point Likert scale ranging from almost never to almost always, with the higher scores indicating higher frequency of performing caring practices. The return rate for the surveys was 45%. The survey results indicated that njurses generally assessed overall organizational climate as moderately positive (Table 2). The job dimension relat ing to autonomy, respondents' perceptions of the importance of their work, and the feeling of being challenged at work was rated positively. Role perceptions (personal work load, role clarity, and role-related conflict), ratings of manager leadership, and work groups were significantly more negative, hovering around the midpoint of the scale, with organization ratings slightly below this midpoint of 2.5 Caring practices were regularly performed; m scores were either slightly above or well above the 2.5 midpoint of a 5-point scale. The subscale scores clearly indicated. however, that although relational care elements were often carried out, they were less frequent than clinical or comfort care" (Roch et al., 2014, p. 233) TABLE 2 NURSES' RESPONSES TO ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE SCALE AND SELF-RATED FREQUENCY OF PERFORMANCE OF CARING PRACTICES (N 292) Scale and Subscales Observe (Possible Range) SD Range Organizational Climate Overall rating (1-S) 3.13 0.56 1.75-4.67 Job (1-5) 4.01 0.49 1.94-5.00 Role (1-5) 2.99 0.66 1.17-4.67 Leadership (1-S) 2.93 0.89 1.00-5.00 Work group (1-S) 3.36 0.88 1.08-5.00 Organization (1-5 2.36 0.74 1.00-4.67 Caring Practices Overal rating (1-S) 3.62 0.66 1.95-5.00 Clinical care (1-S) 4.02 0.57 2.44-5.00 Relational care (1-5) 2.90 1.01 00-5.00 Comforting care (1-5 4.08 0.72 1.67-5.00 Roch, G., Dubois, C., & Clarke, S. P. (2014). Research in Nursing Health, 37(3), p. 234.Explanation / Answer
Result:
Caring Nurse-Patient Interaction Short Scale (CNPISS) scale is used.
This is five point Likert scale
Level of measurement: Ordinal scale
With this scale we can't measure the distance of two levels of scale. We can measure the numerical distance of 4 from 5.
3. What were the subscales included in the CNPISS used to measure RNs ’ perceptions of their Caring Practices? Do these subscales seem relevant? Document your answer.
The three subscales used are : Clinical care, Relational care and Comforting care.
One relevant subscale missed is humanistic care.
The Caring Nurse-Patient Interaction Scale (CNPI-short scale) is a 23-item, multi-dimensional outcome measure that was developed to assess attitudes and behaviors associated with Watson's 10 curative factors of human caring and to facilitate research on the links between caring and patient outcomes. It includes 4 factors: clinical care, relational care, humanistic care and comforting care.
4. Which subscale for Caring Practices had the lowest mean? What does this result indicate?
Relational care has the lowest mean rate of 2.90 which is lower than mean of other three subscales.
5.What were the dispersion results for the Relational Care subscale of the Caring Practices in Table 2 ? What do these results indicate?
Standard deviation of Relational Care subscale is 1.01 and this has the highest variation compared to other subscales.
6. Which subscale of Caring Practices has the lowest dispersion or variation of scores? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Clinical care has the lowest standard deviation of 0.57 which is lower than other three subscales.
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