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ID: 3166906 • Letter: P
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http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0042004
7.In the U.S., cotton is the main host for pink bollworm but this pest is only problematic in southwestern cotton growing regions. What is another host that the pink bollworm attacks?
8.What is the threshold for percentage of non-Bt cotton in an area associated with a decrease in pink bollworm populations.
9. In Figure 3, what is a plausible hypothesis that explains why larval numbers per plant are 2-3 fold lower than the number of eggs per plant.
Explanation / Answer
Ans
7. Genus Pectinophora contains 3 species: P. gossypiella (Saunders), P.scutigera (Holdaway), P. endema (common). The pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders, 1843 ) a global pest that has many potential host plants. P. gossypiella is distributed throughout tropical America, Africa, Asia, Australasia, including subtropical regions, Pakistan, Egypt, USA (Arizona) and Mexico.
P. gossypiella is an oligophagous pest and its attack not only cotton but also many other plants. The list of host plants are as follows:
1. Abelmoschus esculentus (okra), Family: Malvaceae
2. Abutilon (Indian mallow) Family: Malvaceae
3. Abutilon indicum (country mallow) Family: Malvaceae
4. Althaea (hollyhocks) Family: Malvaceae
7. Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) Family: Malvaceae
8. Medicago sativa (lucerne) Family: Fabaceae
In Indonesia the two host plants commonly used by pink bollworm are Hibiscus tiliaceus and Thespesia populnea. In India Abutilon indicum, Hibiscus spp., Thespesia populnea, etc. are the host plants and In Egypt include Bamia, Hibiscus esculentus, teel, Hibiscus cannabinus, and hollyhock, Althea rosea (Willcocks 1916).
8. In particular, the Arizona field data suggested that regional suppression of pink bollworm occurred when the percentage of cotton planted to Bt cotton exceeded a threshold of approximately 65%.
9. Fig. 3. Pink bollworm abundance on non-Bt cotton before and after the adoption of Bt cotton explain that the Before Bt cotton (1995–1999), annual average abundance did not change significantly for eggs (slope = 20.0048, df = 3, R2 = 0.004, P = 0.92) and larvae (slope = 20.027, df = 3, R2 = 0.64, P = 0.10). With Bt cotton (2000–2010), annual average abundance declined significantly for both eggs (slope = 20.070, df = 9, R2 = 0.86, P,0.0001) and larvae (slope = 20.083, df = 9, R2 = 0.80, P = 0.0002).
As in fig. 3 showed that the population density of pink bollworm on non-Bt cotton decreased significantly during 11 years of Bt cotton use, with a net reduction of 91% for eggs and 95% for larvae.
The data on the abundance of eggs and larvae to test the hypothesis that the annual per capita growth rate (r) for pink bollworm in non-Bt cotton decreased bollworm in non-Bt cotton decreased when the percentage of Bt cotton exceeded a threshold of 65% (Methods).
5. Hibiscus (rosemallows) Family: Malvaceae 6. Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf) Family: Malvaceae7. Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) Family: Malvaceae
8. Medicago sativa (lucerne) Family: Fabaceae
In Indonesia the two host plants commonly used by pink bollworm are Hibiscus tiliaceus and Thespesia populnea. In India Abutilon indicum, Hibiscus spp., Thespesia populnea, etc. are the host plants and In Egypt include Bamia, Hibiscus esculentus, teel, Hibiscus cannabinus, and hollyhock, Althea rosea (Willcocks 1916).
8. In particular, the Arizona field data suggested that regional suppression of pink bollworm occurred when the percentage of cotton planted to Bt cotton exceeded a threshold of approximately 65%.
9. Fig. 3. Pink bollworm abundance on non-Bt cotton before and after the adoption of Bt cotton explain that the Before Bt cotton (1995–1999), annual average abundance did not change significantly for eggs (slope = 20.0048, df = 3, R2 = 0.004, P = 0.92) and larvae (slope = 20.027, df = 3, R2 = 0.64, P = 0.10). With Bt cotton (2000–2010), annual average abundance declined significantly for both eggs (slope = 20.070, df = 9, R2 = 0.86, P,0.0001) and larvae (slope = 20.083, df = 9, R2 = 0.80, P = 0.0002).
As in fig. 3 showed that the population density of pink bollworm on non-Bt cotton decreased significantly during 11 years of Bt cotton use, with a net reduction of 91% for eggs and 95% for larvae.
The data on the abundance of eggs and larvae to test the hypothesis that the annual per capita growth rate (r) for pink bollworm in non-Bt cotton decreased bollworm in non-Bt cotton decreased when the percentage of Bt cotton exceeded a threshold of 65% (Methods).
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