High-energy compounds, such as 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and phosphoenol pyruvate,

Question

High-energy compounds, such as 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and phosphoenol pyruvate, have relatively ______________ phosphate transfer potential with _________ standard free energy change values.

A) high; negative

B) low; negative

C) positive; high

D) negative; low

E) zero; negative

An example(s) of intermediary metabolism would be BEST described by which process below?

A) Cell division

B) Glycolysis

C) Organelle formation

D) Embryogenesis

E) All of the above

The reason(s) why glucose oxidation occurs in multiple, enzyme catalyzed steps that result in small chemical transformations is/are

A) Allows for catabolic and anabolic pathways to both produce lots of ATP

B) Allows for release of small amounts of energy, some of which is “captured” and used for ATP synthesis

C) Provides intermediates, some of which can be used in more than one pathway or process

D) All of the above

E) only statements A & B

F) only statements B & C

G) only statements A & C

ATP synthesis requires energy coupling to occur. Which statement(s) correctly matches the mechanism of ATP synthesis with the exergonic component necessary for ATP synthesis to take place?

A) Substrate-level phosphorylation – sunlight

B) Oxidative phosphorylation – phosphorylated high-energy compound

C) photophosphorylation – proton-motive force (PMF)

D) All of the above

E) None of the above

11. The reason(s) why carbon dioxide represents the most oxidized form of carbon is

A) the electronegative carbon draws electrons towards itself from the 2 double-bonded oxygen atoms making the carbon more oxidized

B) the 2 electronegative oxygens draw electrons towards themselves making the carbon more oxidized

C) because carbon dioxide serves as the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration

D) both statements B and C

Standard free energy change values (DG’0) are

A) always positive for favorable reactions

B) useful when comparing the relative “favorable” or “unfavorable” thermodynamics of different steps/reactions in a particular pathway   ??????

C) useful when you want to know the exact thermodynamic properties of a chemical reaction in a living cell

D) altered by enzymes

E) completely useless, I don’t know why we have to learn about them in class!

Please explain why as well!

Explanation / Answer

The high energy compounds of glycolysis include 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and phosphoenol pyruvate. These compounds are capable of transferring phosphate groups. These compounds have high potentiality to tansfer the phosphate group and the standard free energy is negative. Option A is correct.

Intermediary metabolic processes are involved in production of energy and other required factors to carry out major metabolic processes such as DNA replication, protein synthesis and organ formation etc. Glycolysis is an intermediary metabolic process carrying out breakdown of gucose to produce energy. Option B is correct.

Oxidation of glucose is multi step and multi enzyme catalyzed process accomplished by some catabolic and anabolic processes, providing small amounts of energy for ATP synthesis and also produces intermediate compounds that can be used in other metabolic processes. Option D is correct.

The ATP synthesis is coupled to energy production. The energy required for ATP synthesis is produced by high energy compounds such as phosphoenol pyruvate which are exergonic and involved in phosphate group transfer. Option B is correct.

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