What are the titles and who are the first authors of your editorial and your art

Question

What are the titles and who are the first authors of your editorial and your article?

Write a paragraph explaining what is being investigated in your article, and why?

Briefly describe (1 to 5 sentences) how the researchers are investigating their subject. (You may answer this in general or specific terms, as you see fit)

List 2 words you did not know the meaning of before reading the article and give their definitions in your own words.

What is something that you learned, understood, or “took away” from this exercise?

n 1996, a breakthrough was achieved when the sequence of ~12 million base pairs, divided among 16 chromosomes, was reported for baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Now, some 20 years later, the Synthetic Yeast Genome Project (Sc2.0) reports on fi ve newly constructed synthetic yeast chromosomes, advancing ef orts to substantially reengineer all 16 yeast chromosomes with the goal of creating a fully synthetic eukaryotic genome. Genomes are in constant fl ux: They are prone to deletions, duplications, and insertions; recombination and rearrangement; and invasion and disruption by selfi sh genetic elements such as transposable elements. These many changes are subject to the vagaries of natural selection, resulting in a genome organization not based on principles of ef ciency or economy of space, but instead contingent on the evolutionary history of the organism. Sc2.0 has set out to untangle, streamline, and reorganize the genetic blueprint of one of the most studied of all eukaryotic genomes. Here they report on their development, design, construction, testing, and curation principles, which may be scalable to other, larger genomes. Ultimately, researchers aspire to remove all transposons and repetitive elements, recode UAG stop codons, and move transfer RNA genes to a novel neochromsome without causing fi tness defects, while simultaneously adding features to facilitate chromosome construction and manipulation. When complete, the fi nal synthetic yeast strain will be another milestone in our ability to work with and understand the eukaryotic genome.

Explanation / Answer

Ans 1)

Title – Reconstruction of an Efficient Yeast Genomic Sequence.

Ans 2) In this article, the 12 million base pair sequence was found initially divided in 16 chromosomes. However, with synthetic Yeast Genome Project there were new chromosomes constructed with an attempt to re-engineer together all the 16 yeast chromosomes. There are a lot of changes that these sequences are prone to and ultimately the changes were made by incorporating transposons along with repetitive elements, use the UAG stop codon and move the transfer RNA genes through a novel neo-chromosomes. With all these manipulation, there is the construction of the final synthetic yeast strain.

Ans 3) The researchers are investigating the sequences with help of incorporation and removal of certain elements. They are doing so by re-designing the chromosomal blueprint of the eukaryotic genome and leading through the complete construction and process of the manipulation.

Ans 4) contingent and neochromosome

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