Hi, everyone Please I need help with this quistion. 3.10 An article in Bioelectr

Question

Hi, everyone Please I need help with this quistion.

3.10 An article in Bioelectromagnetics ("Electromagnetic Effects on Forearm Disuse Osteopenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Stu Vol. 32, 2011, pp. 273-282) described a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, feasibility and dosing study to determine if a common pulsing electromagnetic field (PEMF) treatment could moderate the substantial osteopenia that occurs after forearm disuse. Subjects were randomized into fo groups after a distal radius fracture, or carpal surgery requiring immobilization in a cast. Active or identical sham PEMF transducers were worn on the distal forearm for 1, 2, or 4 h/day for 8 weeks starting after cast removal ("baseline") when bone density continues to decline. Bone mineral density (B and bone geometry were measured in the distal forearm by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomograph (pQCT). The data below are the percent losses in BMD measurements on the radius after 16 weeks for patients wearing the active or sham PEMF transducers for 1, 2, or 4 h/day (data were constructed to match the means and standard deviations read from a graph in the paper) a. Is there evidence to support a claim that PEMF usage affects BMD loss? If so, analyze the data to determine which specific treatments produce th differences b. Analyze the residuals from this experiment and comment on the underlying assumptions and model adequacy Sham PEMF 1 h/day PEMF 2 h/day PEMF 4 h/day 4.51 5.32 7.95 6.00 4.975.12 3.00 7.08 7.97 5.48 2.23 6.52 3.95 4.09 5.64 6.28 9.35 7.77 6.52 5.68 4.96 8.47 6.10 4.58 4.73 5.81 5.69 3.86 4.06 6.56 8.34 3.01 6.71 6.51 1.70 5.89 7.03 4.65 6.65 5.49 6.98 4.85 7.26 5.92 5.58 7.91 4.90 4.54

Explanation / Answer

One way ANOVA is used for analyzing the evidence to support a claim that PEMF usage affects BMD loss.

By using excel, we can analyze the data

there is not as much evidence to support a claim that PEMF usage affects BMD loss.

=> 4 treatments are considered in this experiment

Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Sham 20 113.45 5.6725 4.009693 PEMF 1h/day 20 123.31 6.1655 2.084973 PEMF 2h/day 20 109.56 5.478 2.705322 PEMF 4h/day 20 127.01 6.3505 1.517384 ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Between Groups 10.0435 3 3.347835 1.297941 0.281326 2.724944 Within Groups 196.0301 76 2.579343 Total 206.0736 79

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