up questions. Restrictive vs. Obstructive Disorders Your textbook does not addre
ID: 303047 • Letter: U
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up questions. Restrictive vs. Obstructive Disorders Your textbook does not address Lung diseases are often categorized as either obstructive or restrictive. this much, so to some textbook). answer some of these questions, you will need to do an Internet search (or use a 1. Contrast the terms Restrictive Disorder and Obstructive Disorder. Give two type of lung disorder. FVC (forced vital capacity) is the amount of gas expelled when the subject takes the deepest possible inhale and then exhales forcefully and rapidly. The spirometer measures the total volume of gas exhaled. This measurement is useful in determining whether the patient is having trouble breathing due to a restrictive or an obstructive disorder. Would this value be reduced in a restrictive or obstructive disorder? Explain your answer. 2. 3. FEVr (forced expiratory volume) is the amount of air exhaled during a specific interval of time (T). This data is calculated from the FVC (see above) using a recording spirometer (which we don't have in our lab). A typical healthy individual will expel 75-80% of the FVC volume within the first second! This data point is FEV1. This measurement is useful in determining whether the patient is having trouble breathing due to a restrictive or an obstructive disorder. Would the FEV, be reduced in a restrictive or obstructive disorder? Explain your answer.Explanation / Answer
1.Obstructive lung disease:
Obstructive lung disease is the disease with shortness of breath due difficulty exhaling all the air from the lungs.Because of damage to the lungs or narrowing of airways inside the lungs,exhaled air comes out more slowly than normal.At the end of a full exhalation,an abnormally high amount of air may still linger in the lungs.
The most common causes of obstructive lung diseases are:
Obstructive lung disease make it hartider to breathe,especially during increased activity or exertion.As the rate of breathing increases,there is less time to breathe all the air out before the next inhalation.
Restrictive lung disease:
Restrictive lung disease is the disease where people cannot fully fill their lungs with air.Their lungs are restricted fully expanding.
Restrictive lung disease most often results from a condition causing stiffness in the lungs themselves.In other cases,stiffness of the chest wall,weak muscles,or damaged nerves may cause the restriction in lung expansion.
Some condition causing restrictive lung diseases are:
2.FVC or the forced vital capacity is the determiation of the vital capacity from a maximally forced expiratory effort.
In obstructive lung disease ,the FEV1((volume that has been exhaled at the end of the first second of forced expiration) is reduced due to an obstruction of air escaping from the lungs.Thus,the FEV1/FVC ratio will be reduced.More specifically,the diagnosis of COPD is made when the FEV1/FVC ratio is less than 0.7 or the FEV1 is less than 80% of predicted.
In restructive lung disease,the FEV1 and FVC are equally reduced due to fibrosis or other lung pathology.Thus,the FEV1/FEV ratio should be approximately normal,or even increase due to a discrease in magnitude of FVC as compared to FEV1.
3.The ability of a person's lungs to change in volume in reflected in their vital capacity measurement-individual with larger vital capacities can change the volume of their lungs more that can those with smaller vital capacities.The ability of air to flow through the respiratory passages,in contrast is reflected in a measurement called the forced expiratory volume(FEVT),which is the percentage of the vital capacity that,after the maximal inspiration,can be forcibly expired in t seconds.
A young adult can typically expire roughly 80% of their vital capacity within one second ,94% within two seconds,and 97% within three seconds.
Vital capacity and FEVT measurements can be used to diagnose various types of air floe disorders.Abnormally low FEVT measurements(less than 90% of the value predicted for an individual based on their age)may be indicative of an obstructive disorder.In an obstructive disorder,air flow through the respiatory passages are impeded by a narrowing of those passages,thus increasing resistance to air flow.
On the other hand,abnormally low vital capacity (less than 80% of predicted value based on age,sex and body size)may be indicative of a restrictive disorder.In a restrictive disorder,the lungs are unable to change volume enough to allow adequate air flow into and out of alveoli.This could be caused by a loss of elasticity of a tissue,fluid within the alveoli or an increase in the dead space of the lungs.
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