According to the Nixon Doctrine, formulated during the late Cold War, who must f

Question

According to the Nixon Doctrine, formulated during the late Cold War, who must fight wars in Asia?

Americans.

Asians

1 points   

QUESTION 2

The primary goal of the United States in Laos was to

defeat the Communist government there.

close North Vietnamese supply lines running through southern Laos.

capture Ho Chi Minh (the North Vietnamese leader).

1 points   

QUESTION 3

The United States waged a proxy war in which country?

Vietnam

Laos

1 points   

QUESTION 4

The funding of covert wars often comes from

illicit trade.

taxpayer funds.

foreign investment.

1 points   

QUESTION 5

From where did the United States recruit white mercenary troops to crush the Simba rebels in Congo?

Soviet Union

South Africa

Kenya

the United States

1 points   

QUESTION 6

The Clark Amendment, passed by Congress on February 10, 1976, prohibited covert aid to

any side in the Angolan conflict.

Unita (Union for the Total Independence of Angola).

FNLA (Front for National Liberation of Angola).

MPLA (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola).

1 points   

QUESTION 7

Political terrorism, as it developed during the late Cold War, primarily functioned as the targeting of ____________ for political purposes.

armed forces

civilians

elected representatives

1 points   

QUESTION 8

During the late Cold War, the CIA and Pentagon referred to terrorism as

containment

counterinsurgency

low-intensity conflict

1 points   

QUESTION 9

According to neoconservative academic Jeanne Kirkpatrick, left-wing governments were _______________, or unable to reform from within and therefore required external overthrow, while right-wing governments were ______________, and thus could be persuaded to reform when deemed necessary.

totalitarian/authoritarian

authoritarian/totalitarian

1 points   

QUESTION 10

Reagan administration publicly referred to the Nicaraguan Contras and Afghan mujahideen as

terrorists.

communist.

democratic.

totalitarian.

1 points   

QUESTION 11

In the early 1980s, the ___________________ proposed rollback of governments via low-intensity conflict in nine countries: Afghanistan, Angola, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Iran, Laos, Libya, Nicaragua, and Vietnam.

Department of Defense

Reagan administration

CIA

Heritage Foundation

1 points   

QUESTION 12

Faced with a Congressional limit on funding for the contras in Nicaragua in the 1984 Intelligence Authorization Act, the Reagan administration turned to _______________ for secret, illicit funding.

the Gold Triangle

the shah of Iran

the Medellin cartel

1 points   

QUESTION 13

U.S. military aid to Guatemalan dictator Efrian Rios Montt, who used the assistance to massacre Indian villagers, was embraced primarily by the

Christian right.

Heritage Foundation.

National Security Archive.

1 points   

QUESTION 14

The Iran-contra deal involved a U.S. agreement to sell arms to Iran either directly or via __________ at inflated prices and then use the profits to purchase arms for the contras in Nicaragua.

Egypt

Israel

Iraq

Lebanon

1 points   

QUESTION 15

Reagan administration officials hoped that their clandestine embrace of contra terror against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua might produce any of the following EXCEPT

to provoke attacks across the Nicaragua-Honduras border (from where the contras launched their terror) by the Nicaraguan army, thereby demonstrating the government's aggressive nature.

to provoke attacks against U.S. personnel inside Nicaragua, thereby demonstrating the Sandinista's hostility to the U.S.

a Sandinista-Soviet alliance, thereby revealing the Sandinista government as a puppet of the Soviet Union.

a suppression of civil liberties by the Sandinista government, thereby demonstrating its totalitarian nature.

1 points   

QUESTION 16

The Afghan war in the 1980s was the largest CIA paramilitary conflict since

Angola

Vietnam

Chile

Nicaragua

1 points   

QUESTION 17

Prior to the Iranian Revolution of 1979, the United States regarded political Islam as an ___________ against secular nationalism.

ally.

enemy.

1 points   

QUESTION 18

After the 1979 storming of the American embassy in Teheran by student protesters and the taking of hostages, the United States encouraged an invasion of Iran by __________.

Iraq

Saudi Arabia.

Egypt

Israel

1 points   

QUESTION 19

In the wake of the 1978 Communist coup in Afghanistan, the Carter and then the Reagan administrations partnered with

Pakistan

Israel

Iran

Iraq

1 points   

QUESTION 20

One of the primary CIA assets against the Soviets in Afghanistan, ____________ argued that armed jihad was the only way to political victory and to satisfy religious duty.

Sheikh Abdullah Azzam

Osama bin Laden

Ayatollah Khomeini

Zia ul-Haq

1 points   

QUESTION 21

The notion of a standing jihad can be found in

the original written version of the Qur'an.

the Mahdi movement of the late 19th century.

the House of Saud and the state of Saudi Arabia.

the Wahhabi movement of the 18th century.

1 points   

QUESTION 22

If the Reagan administration hoped to turn the Afghan jihad into a crusade against Communism, it also hoped to exploited Sunni/Shi'a doctrinal differences, turn them into a political divide, and isolate ___________.

Iran

Saudi Arabia

Afghanistan

Iraq

1 points   

QUESTION 23

America's proxy war in Afghanistan progressed primarily towards

privatization.

secularization.

nationalization.

1 points   

QUESTION 24

A 1989 meeting of American jihadists that included Osama bin Laden and Sudan's Jamal al-Fadl resulted in the creation of

Tablighi Jamaat.

the Muslim Brotherhood.

al-Qaeda.

the mujahideen.

1 points   

QUESTION 25

Where as training of jihad fighters for the Afghan war primarily took place in Pakistan, the training of trainers took place in ______________.

France

the United States

Israel

Afghanistan

1 points   

QUESTION 26

Mamdani argues that the primary contribution made by the U.S. government to the mujahideen cause in Afghanistan was

training camps, like the one in Khost, Afghanistan used by bin Laden.

the privatization of information, including radical Islamist teaching.

military equipment, including American AK-47s.

1 points   

QUESTION 27

The primary recipient of covert U.S. funding among the mujahideen was

Osama bin Laden.

Mullah Nasim Akhundzada.

Gulbuddin Hikmatyar.

1 points   

QUESTION 28

Historically, Afghan society managed its regional, linguistic, and ethnic differences through

a centralized polity.

a decentralized polity.

1 points   

QUESTION 29

The CIA (United States) and the ISI (Pakistan) preferred to cultivate relationships with ______________ during the Afghan War of the 1980s.

Islamic ideologues

traditionalist nationalists

1 points   

QUESTION 30

After the withdrawal of Soviet troops in February 1989, the U.S.'s primary goal in Afghanistan became the production of oil, to which it embraced the ___________ because it was the most likely to bring about political stability.

Hizb

Taliban

Hikmatyar

1 points   

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A.

Americans.

B.

Asians

Explanation / Answer

According to the Nixon Doctrine, formulated during the late Cold War, America must fight wars in Asia. Nixon doctorin is a foreign policy of U. S. Government. It given by Richard Nixon in 1969.

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