Source Article: Bjorkqvist et al. (2004). Adolescents\' use of tobacco and alcoh

Question

Source Article: Bjorkqvist et al. (2004). Adolescents' use of tobacco and alcohol: correlations with habits of parents and friends Psychological Reports, 95, 418-420 321 adolescents participated in the present study between the ages of 12-16 years. Participants were asked to estimate how often (a) they, (b) their mothers, (c) their fathers, and (d) their best friends smoked tobacco and used alcohol beverages. The estimations were made on a 5-point scale with 0- never, 1- almost never, 2-occasionally, 3-often, and 4-very often. The results of the study are in the table below Table: Correlation Coefficients for adolescent girls and boys' tobacco and alcohol habits with those of their mothers, their fathers, and their best friends. irls' Habits Mother smokes Mother uses alcohol Father smokes Father uses alcohol Friends smoke Friends use alcohol Tobacco 0.39t 0.43 0.22 0.18 0.521 0.43 Alcohol 0.38 0.371 0.01 0.39 0.52 0.83 t p

Explanation / Answer

1)

The Correlation coefficient for Tobacco habits is maximum for Friends smoke. Hence, the variable ‘Friends Smoke’ correlates most strongly with tobacco.

2)

Similarly, The Correlation coefficient for Alcohol habits is maximum for Friends use alcohol. Hence, the variable ‘Friends use alcohol’ correlates most strongly with alcohol.

3)

Since the value of correlation coefficient is 0.83, it indicates strong positive correlation between the two variables. Ie as more friends use alcohol, it is likely that the girl also uses alcohol.

4)

Since the p-value for the value of 0.39 is less than 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis ie the variable ‘Mother Smokes’ is a significant contributor. (Probability will be less than 0.05)

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