How do tall and short buildings response to earthquakes? What is asthenosphere?

Question

How do tall and short buildings response to earthquakes?

What is asthenosphere?

What causes the jump in the P-wave velocity at 410 kilometers below the surface?

What causes melting in the asthenosphere?

What is hypocenter or focus?

What is epicenter?

How many scales are there in the Modified Mercalli Scale?

We calculated the P-wave velocity under Ohio using data from an earthquake in Canada. What was the P-wave velocity?

What is geothermal gradient?

What is tsunami? And what controls the height of tsunami waves?

P.S Just keep it short and simple

Explanation / Answer

Ans1 tall buildings are not much affected by small shaken eg like ocean is not much disturbed by small waves .whereas small buildings are affected by small waves and are less resistance to it eg. When boat in ocean hit by several small waves it can over turn the boat.

Ans2 Asthenosphere the upper layer of the earth 's mantle , below the lithosphere , in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur.

Ans3. The mantle of earth divided into lower and upper mantle as a result of seismic velocity discontiuities at the depth of 410 km. P wave or compressional waves they travel push pull motion. Solid are more resistant to this form of wave , so this wave always rravels faster through soild and earth is soild inside.

Ans4 The decrease in sesmic waves velocity from lithosphere to asthenosphere is seen. The material of which the astheosphere is composed can be described as a plastic with much rigidity than the lithosphere above it. The pressure and temperature causes melting in asthenosphere.

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