4.40 Does socialrejection hurt? We often describe ouremotional reaction to socia

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4.40 Does socialrejection hurt? We often describe ouremotional reaction to social rejection as “pain.” Aclever study asked whether social rejection causes activity inareas of the brain that are known to be activated by physical pain.If it does, we really do experience social and physical pain insimilar ways. Subjects were first included andthen deliberately excluded from a social activity while changes inbrain activity were measured. After each activity, the subjects filled outquestionnaires that assessed how excluded they felt. Here are datafor 13 subjects:14

The explanatory variableis “social distress” measured by each subject’squestionnaire score after exclusion relative to the score afterinclusion. (So values greater than 1 show the degree of distresscaused by exclusion.) The response variable ischange in activity in a region of the brain that is activated byphysical pain. Discuss what the data show.

Subject Social distress Brain activity Subject Social distress Brainactivity 1 1.26 0.055 8 2.18 0.025 2 1.85 0.040 9 2.58 0.027 3 1.10 0.026 10 2.75 0.033 4 2.50 0.017 11 2.75 0.064 5 2.17 0.017 12 3.33 0.077 6 2.67 0.017 13 3.65 0.124 7 2.01 0.021

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4.40 Does socialrejection hurt? We often describe ouremotional reaction to socia

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