1. Which process(es) cause(s) ocean water to increase its salinity? Select all t

Question

1.

Which process(es) cause(s) ocean water to increase its salinity? Select all that are correct.

Ice melting

Precipitation

Evaporation

Freezing

2.  

The cause for this salinity maximum is

outgassing from ocean vents

ocean upwelling

ships

the atmospheric circulation

3.  

Which of the following water types is the saltiest?

Antarctic Intermediate Water

North Atlantic Deep Water

Antarctic Bottom Water

Mediterranean Water

4.  

Northerly winds (i.e. winds blowing from the north to the south) along the California coast cause the water to move to the ______, causing _________ to occur along the coast.

west, upwelling

west, downwelling

east, downwelling

east, upwelling

The graph above shows the Niño 3.4 temperature index for the Central Pacific Ocean from 1991 to 2016. What best describes the ENSO conditions in late 1997 and early 1998?

Weak La Niña

Strong La Niña

Neutral

Strong El Niño

Weak El Niño

6.

How would El Nino affect a fisherman living on the west coast of South America?

Fishing would be a hardship because of the loss of nutrient-rich waters that are normally upwelled during non-El Nino years.

Fishing would be the same as any other year.

There were would an overabundance of nutrients making El Nino years the best fishing years ever.

There would be too much rain flooding his village making it impossible for him to take his boat out.

A

Ice melting

B

Precipitation

C

Evaporation

D

Freezing

ONI [3-mrm SST anomalies (deg C) in Nino 3.4)] 2.5 1.5 0.5 -0.5 -1 -2.5 992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

Explanation / Answer

1. Evaporation is the process which increase the salinity of ocean water, because due to evaporation water vapour reaches athe atmosphere and salt left behind that causes the salinity to increase.

2. Atmospheric circulation which causes maximum increase in salinity, because reamining and all like outgassing, ships, upwelling are increase the salinity in one particular places but atmospheric circulation only causes to increase salinity to maximum over a large extent.

3. Mediterranean water having the highest water salinity of38ppt when compared to others , antartic bottom water having 34-36ppt.

4. Water move towards west due to north and south equatorial currents. upwelling occur along the coast.

5. Strong Elnino which occurs in 1997 after that still no elnino reaches that much when compared to 1997. Climatic condition are very hot due to el nino.

6.There would be an overabundance of nutrients making elnino years the best fishing years in the south america, because of rich nutirents in the zone due to reduce of upwelling of cold. but the problem with that is overfishing which affect the fisherman in the coming years.

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