1. Which one of the following statements is false? 1) Carbon dioxide is a stock

Question

1. Which one of the following statements is false?

1) Carbon dioxide is a stock pollutant

2) Without the natural greenhouse effect, life could exist on earth

3) The atmosphere is an example of a global commons

4) Global carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere have increased since the Industrial Revolution

5) Global climate change results from ozone layer depletion

2. As of 2012, industrialized countries were responsible for about what percent of carbon emissions?

1) 10% 2) 30% 3) 40% 4) 50% 5) 80%

3. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has determined that…

1) The Kyoto protocol has slowed greenhouse gas emissions

2) Global temperatures have risen about 6 degrees Fahrenheit

3) Ozone layer depletion is increasing

4) Human activities have contributed to global temperature increases

5) Methane and nitrous oxide do not contribute to the greenhouse effect

4. According to the IPCC, how much is the global average temperature expected to increase over the next century (in degrees Fahrenheit)?

1) 1 to 3 degrees 2) 1 to 6 degrees 3) 2 to 5 degrees 4) 2 to 11 degrees 5) 4 to 8 degrees

5. According to the “business as usual” scenario, the greatest future increase in carbon emissions will come from...

1) Developed countries 2) The United States 3) Eastern Europe 4) Developing countries 5) Russia

6. Economics studies by Nordhaus and colleagues recommend … 1) No action on climate change 2) Immediate and drastic action on climate change 3) Gradually increasing reductions in emissions 4) Increasing, then later reducing, emissions 5) Reducing, then later increasing, emissions

7. The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change estimates global damages at 1) 1-3% of global GDP 2) 4-6% of global GDP 3) 5-20 % of global GDP 4) 10-30% of global GDP 5) 30-50% of global GDP

8. The predicted costs of stabilizing atmospheric CO2 accumulations depend on all of the following except: 1) The availability of non-carbon energy technologies 2) The efficiency of economic responses to energy price signals 3) How revenues from carbon taxes are used 4) Reforms in financial markets 5) Whether external benefits of carbon reduction are considered

9. The IPCC climate stabilization goals involve: 1) No change in greenhouse gas emissions 2) Reducing the rate of growth in greenhouse gas emissions 3) Stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions 4) Reducing total greenhouse gas emissions 5) Reducing total greenhouse gas accumulations

10. Which one of the following is an example of an adaptive measure to global climate change? 1) An increase in energy efficiency 2) A global cap-and-trade permit system for carbon emissions 3) A carbon tax 4) A increase in fuel economy standards 5) Shifting agricultural cultivation patterns

TEST # 11 – Chapters 18, 19, & 20 from Environmental and Natural Resource Economics: A Contemporary Approach By Jonathan M. Harris, Brian Roach

Explanation / Answer

1) Carbon dioxide is a stock pollutant. It is true because it is considered to be a pollutant when associated with cars, planes, power plants, and other human activities that involve the burning of fossil fuels such as gasoline and natural gas.

2) Without the natural greenhouse effect, life could exist on earth. It is true because there will be no life on Earth without the warmth provided by this natural greenhouse effect.

3) The atmosphere is an example of a global commons. It is true because Global commons include the earth's shared natural resources, such as the high oceans, the atmosphere and outer space and the Antarctic in particular.

4) Global carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere have increased since the Industrial Revolution. It is true because the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased more in the northern hemisphere where more fossil fuel burning occurs. Since the Industrial Revolution the concentration globally has increased by about 40 %.

5) Global climate change results from ozone layer depletion. It is true because climate change and ozone layer depletion is linked very closely.

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