1. Which one of the following statements is false? 1) Carbon dioxide is a stock
ID: 1200424 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Which one of the following statements is false? 1) Carbon dioxide is a stock pollutant 2) Without the natural greenhouse effect, life could exist on earth 3) The atmosphere is an example of a global commons 4) Global carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere have increased since the Industrial Revolution 5) Global climate change results from ozone layer depletion
2. As of 2012, industrialized countries were responsible for about what percent of carbon emissions? 1) 10% 2) 30% 3) 40% 4) 50% 5) 80%
3. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has determined that… 1) The Kyoto protocol has slowed greenhouse gas emissions 2) Global temperatures have risen about 6 degrees Fahrenheit 3) Ozone layer depletion is increasing 4) Human activities have contributed to global temperature increases 5) Methane and nitrous oxide do not contribute to the greenhouse effect
4. According to the IPCC, how much is the global average temperature expected to increase over the next century (in degrees Fahrenheit)? 1) 1 to 3 degrees 2) 1 to 6 degrees 3) 2 to 5 degrees 4) 2 to 11 degrees 5) 4 to 8 degrees
5. According to the “business as usual” scenario, the greatest future increase in carbon emissions will come from... 1) Developed countries 2) The United States 3) Eastern Europe 4) Developing countries 5) Russia
6. Economics studies by Nordhaus and colleagues recommend … 1) No action on climate change 2) Immediate and drastic action on climate change 3) Gradually increasing reductions in emissions 4) Increasing, then later reducing, emissions 5) Reducing, then later increasing, emissions
7. The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change estimates global damages at 1) 1-3% of global GDP 2) 4-6% of global GDP 3) 5-20 % of global GDP 4) 10-30% of global GDP 5) 30-50% of global GDP
8. The predicted costs of stabilizing atmospheric CO2 accumulations depend on all of the following except: 1) The availability of non-carbon energy technologies 2) The efficiency of economic responses to energy price signals 3) How revenues from carbon taxes are used 4) Reforms in financial markets 5) Whether external benefits of carbon reduction are considered
9. The IPCC climate stabilization goals involve: 1) No change in greenhouse gas emissions 2) Reducing the rate of growth in greenhouse gas emissions 3) Stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions 4) Reducing total greenhouse gas emissions 5) Reducing total greenhouse gas accumulations
10. Which one of the following is an example of an adaptive measure to global climate change? 1) An increase in energy efficiency 2) A global cap-and-trade permit system for carbon emissions 3) A carbon tax 4) A increase in fuel economy standards 5) Shifting agricultural cultivation patterns
11. Which one of the following is an example of a preventative measure to global climate change? 1) Building dikes and seawalls 2) Enhancing carbon sinks 3) Creating institutions to respond to climate disasters 4) Moving human settlements away from vulnerable areas 5) Shifting agricultural cultivation patterns
12. The elasticity of demand for carbon-based fuel sources is ... 1) Low in the short term but higher in the long term 2) High in the short term but lower in the long term 3) High in both the long and short term 4) Low in both the long and short term 5) Zero in the short term and positive in the long term
13. Which one of the following statements about a system of tradable carbon permits is false? 1) An advantage of carbon permits is that greenhouse gases could be reduced at the lowest cost 2) Nations can emit more carbon if they purchase additional permits 3) The equilibrium price of a carbon permit depends on the willingness to pay for carbon emissions 4) A carbon permit system would require each country to meet their emissions targets 5) Nations which exceed their targets can sell permits to other countries
14. The Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol indicates that … 1) Developed countries can obtain credit for financing emissions reductions in developing countries 2) Developed countries can obtain credit for financing emissions reductions in other developed nations 3) Developed countries can obtain credit for financing adaptation policies 4) Developed countries can trade carbon permits to developing countries 5) Developed countries can purchase extra credits if they exceed their targets
15. A carbon tax, without any other tax changes, would be … 1) Distributionally neutral 2) Revenue neutral 3) Progressive 4) Regressive 5) Inefficient
16. What theory states that trading partners both benefit from trade through specialization in the goods each can produce most efficiently? 1) Environmental Kuznets Curve 2) Demographic transition 3) Industrial symbiosis 4) Comparative advantage 5) Dematerialization
17. How would we expect free international trade to affect agriculture in a developing country? 1) Total agricultural production should decrease 2) The land devoted to export crops should increase 3) The land devoted to domestically-consumed crops should increase 4) The number of small family farms should increase 5) Environmental externalities of agriculture should decrease
18. Analysis of the carbon content of trade indicates that... 1) The U.S. is the largest exporter of carbon-intensive products 2) China is the largest importer of carbon-intensive products 3) Carbon content is roughly equal in all trade flows 4) The U.S. and Europe are the main importers of carbon-intensive products 5) Most carbon-intensive trade originates in the Middle East
19. Article XX of the GATT states that ... 1) Countries must meet minimum environmental and health standards 2) Countries can restrict trade in order to conserve resources or protect life and health 3) Countries can charge a tariff on goods that do not meet national environmental or health standards 4) Countries must work towards adopting a uniform set of environmental and health standards 5) The precautionary principle should be the guiding factor in international environmental agreements
20. In 1994, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade became ... 1) The North American Free Trade Agreement 2) The World Trade Organization 3) The Kyoto Protocol 4) The Montreal Protocol 5) The Convention on Trade in Endangered Species
21. The NAFTA Commission on Environmental Cooperation (CEC)... 1) Requires harmonization of environmental regulations 2) Places tariffs on corn imports to protect the environment 3) Penalizes corporations that harm the environment 4) Produces reports on environmental issues but has few enforcement powers 5) Has ordered a phase-out of environmentally damaging gasoline additives
Explanation / Answer
1) Without greenhouse effect, life would not be possible since earth would not be warmer and soon would have turned into a cold planet.
Hence option 2.
2) Industrialized countries are responsible for global emmissions, as much as 80%. Hence option 4) is correct.
3) IPCC has implemented Kyoto protocol so that global warming can be reduced. It was adopted in 2005. Option 1) is thus true.
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