Please help questions 1-3 Question 1 ) Between 0º and 30ºS, why are the largest

Question

Please help questions 1-3

Question 1) Between 0º and 30ºS, why are the largest SW*values found over the ocean and not over land, even at the exact same latitudes?

Question 2) There is a much larger longitudinal difference in SW*between ocean and land at ~5ºS than there is at 30ºS. What must be the cause of this, given that there is much denser vegetation at 5ºS than at 30ºS?

Question 3) If we assume that Greenland and Antarctica have the same albedo in January, why is SW*over Greenland so much lower than over Antarctica at this time?

G HW3 Google Chrome C O file:///C/Users/carol ne/Downloads/HW 3.pdf Figure I: The Tour ITuxes SW SW LW of the radiation budget: SWI incoming shortwave measured at Earth surface Swt-outgoing shortwave reflected by surface LWI incoming longwave emitted by atmosphere Lwt out oing longwave emitted by surface The incoming shortwave radiation (SWI) is the amount of global solar radiation received at the surface One can break it down. into direct (Q) and scattered (q) incoming solar light as well (i e Swt Q q). SWI depends on latitude & topography, time of year, time of day, cloudiness, and other atmospheric conditions (e.g., volcanic aerosols Some of the solar radiation that reaches the surface gets reflected away from the surface (SWt). and this of course depends on the surface albedo (a), which is a function of color and texture of the surface. A simple definition is that Swt Swt Net shortwave radiation (SW is equal to (s swt or equivalently swt (1-a) and is always non-negative. Figure 2: Average January surface Sw for 1984-1991. Values range from 0 Wilm (deep blues) to 315 Wim (pinks). Intermediate values are green. Global mean 62 W/m Source: NASA EXTRA Hw.doo n Surface Energy u....pptX a a) Chap 11 Part2.co....pptx a Hw3 atoc.pd Show all

Explanation / Answer

Ans1) The oceans have dark surface colours,hence they have low surface albedo and hence the oceans absorb a large proportion of the solar radiation incident on them and reflecting only a small proportion,hence,this is why largest Sw* values are found over oceans .

Ans2) Ocean water and vegetation both are dark in colour and hence have low albedos,but because the regions in 5°S are tropical forests,the regions remain cloudy on significant times of the day.The clouds have high albedos and hence they reflect most of the incoming radiation.This may be the reason for lower Sw* values for land at 5°S than Ocean at 30°S.

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