In a paragraph discuss four differences between r-strategists to K-strategists.
ID: 277404 • Letter: I
Question
In a paragraph discuss four differences between r-strategists to K-strategists. Give one example of a plant and one animal that exhibits each strategy and explain in a sentence for each what traits inform you that they exhibit that strategy.
In two sentences differentiate between density-dependent and density-independent forces and their impact on population size.
In a paragraph discuss the key differences between the three types of survivorship curves (Type I, Type II and Type III); give one example of an organism that exhibits each pattern and state in a sentence for each what traits inform you that it exhibits that strategy.
State seven ways humans make an impact on the environment through population size and/or the ecological footprint of its citizens.
Explanation / Answer
A population has energy investment for maintenance and surplus energy invested in reproduction. Maintenance energy involve, energy invested against predator, competetor, pathogens and in basal metabolism.
under conditions of under crowded population natural selection favours, population having more energy investment in reproductive stretegy. They are called r- selected populations. Phytoplanktons in eutrophic ponds. r- selected populations are opportunists and take the advantage of favorable conditions and boom.
In over crowded and unfavourable environment, natural selection favours, population having high maintenace energy so that population can ensure survival under extreem biotic stress. They are called K- selected populations. k- selected populations are equilibrium species and better competetors. For example annual plants.
Environment
Natural selection favours
survivorship curve
Growth curve
Mortality
Migration
Social character
Variable and unpredictable temperature
High biotic potential
large clutch size
small body size
early age of reproduction
Type III
J- shaped
High in young stage, density independent
High degree
Low degree
stable and predictable tropical climate
Low biotic potential
small clutch size
large body size
delayed age of reprodution
Type II and I
Sigmoid
Low at Young stage
Low degree
High degree of sociability
Survivorship Curves
Highly convex curve
death threat in young stage is very low or
infant mortality rate is very low
High degree of parental care.
For example Humans
Highly concave curve
High mortality rate in young stage
very low parental care
for example Fishes, oak tree
Diagonal curve
constant mortality
Death threat constant throughout the life span.
it is not found in natural population.
Characters r- selection k-selectionEnvironment
Natural selection favours
survivorship curve
Growth curve
Mortality
Migration
Social character
Variable and unpredictable temperature
High biotic potential
large clutch size
small body size
early age of reproduction
Type III
J- shaped
High in young stage, density independent
High degree
Low degree
stable and predictable tropical climate
Low biotic potential
small clutch size
large body size
delayed age of reprodution
Type II and I
Sigmoid
Low at Young stage
Low degree
High degree of sociability
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