Date Name Section PRE-LAB EXERCISES l Complete the following g exercises prior t

Question

Date Name Section PRE-LAB EXERCISES l Complete the following g exercises prior to coming to lab, using your textbook and lab manual for refere Pre-Lab Exercise 22-1 Key Terms You should be familiar with the following terms before coming to lab. Please note that the respiratory volumes and capacities are covered in Pre-Lab Exercises 22-2 and 22-3 Term Basic Respiratory Processes Definition Pulmonary ventilation The tofel nolumu of ait med no the lun mniuk Mosck contathen ngaind for nhalahon cle Pulmonary gas exchange Gas transport prouss of carnying gaes fom dhe alvteli to sst hisiue fice versa Tissue gas exchange Pulmonary Ventilation Terms Inspiration achve. Extrnal conhet intinel elak Rebs mare upg eut and daph coh sur ain ced in Expiration is paoye Takerel conked and ttknal lat Lubs move douon sin lakes da eaing the volume whut Boyle's law Intrapulmonary pressure Atmospheric pressure Spirometer Respiratory volume Respiratory capacity 534 I Exploring Anatomy& Physiology in the Laboratory

Explanation / Answer

1. the total volume of gas per minute inspired (VI) or expired (VE) expressed in liters per minute, also called  Respiratory minute volume.

2. Once the pulmonary ventilation is completed, then Gas is which is filled in alveoli is exchanged with blood. this is called as pulmonary exchange.

3. Gas Transport - Respiratory gases are transported from lungs to various organs with the help of respiratory pigment like haemoglobin molecule. each haemoglobin molecules carries 4 molecule of O2. oxygen is also transported in soluble form in plasma.

Co2 is transported from organs or tissue to lungs in three forms - as carbaminohaemoglobin, soluble form in plasma and as carbonic acid.

4. Tissue gas exchange - also called as peripheral gas exchange. Tissue gas exchage is the exchange of gases across the capillary between blood and tissue. all this is takes place by diffusion, and depands upon partial pressure of gases. The pO2 and pCO2 of the arterial blood reaching the tissues is 95 mm Hg and 40mm Hg respectively. The pO2 and pCO2 of tissues is 20 mm Hg and 52 mm Hg respectively.Therefore, oxygen quickly leaves the blood and enters the cells whereas CO2 produced in the tissues leaves the cells and enters the blood.

5. Inspiraton : It involves intake of fresh air in the alveoli of the lungs. It includes an active process and consumes the mechanical energy.

6.Expiration : It involves the expelling of air of high pCO2 out of the body. During rest, the expiration is a passive process and simply involves the relaxation of the inspiratory muscles (phrenic and external intercostal muscles)

7. Boyle's Law - the relationship between Volume and Pressure is described by this law. Robert Boyle studied the relationship between the pressure p and the volume V of a confined gas held at a constant temperature. Boyle observed that the product of the pressure and volume are observed to be nearly constant. The product of pressure and volume is exactly a constant for an ideal gas. it states that pressure and volume are inversely proportional, if pressure increases then volume decreases, and vice versa.

8. intrapulmonary pressure - the pressure within the plural cavity is called intrapulmonary pressure, which is negative in nature. this is neccersry to protact the lungs from collapsing.

9. Atmospheric pressure - pressure excerted by all the gases of atmosphere.

10. spirometer : an medical instrument used to estimate the volume of gases inspired or expired.

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