ning Workbook List the four major functions of saliva. b. c. d. 4. Parasympathet

Question

ning Workbook List the four major functions of saliva. b. c. d. 4. Parasympathetic innerv and ation to the salivary glands is transmitted by cranial nerves number 2. Natural kill ale reproductiv 5. Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS stimulate the salivary glands. a. True b. False terferon 4 cosae, G or s or mucus. 5 6. division innervation stimulates watery, enzyme-rich saliva secretion, whereas s superiorly aw division innervation stimulates, a mucus-rich, more viscous saliva secretion. 7. Label the figure below with the terms parasympathetie and sympathetic. particulate ma nearby area 3 or diape ection c nt virus 3. D 9. The esophagus secretes digestive enzymes. a. True b. False 10. The four main components of gastric juice are: a. b. d. Gastrin is released from the region of the stomach. 11. Chapter Twenty-One The Digestive System 447

Explanation / Answer

3. 4 major functions of saliva

Lubrication of mouth (coats oral mucosa, maintains oral hygiene, maintains p H of the mouth, prevents precipitation from certain foods containing salts)

Digestion (moistening food, making bolus and passing it easily down into the oesophagus)

Taste (saliva is the medium used to carry chemicals to the taste receptors, secretes carbonic anhydrase that assists in taste bud development)

Oral healing of ulcers (saliva contains EGF which heals oral and gastroesophageal ulcers, inhibits gastric juice secretion, stimulates DNA synthesis, protects mucosa from gastric acid, bile acid, pepsin, trypsin, physical, chemical and bacterial agents)

4. Parasympathetic innervation to the salivary glands is transmitted by cranial nerves number _ and _.

CN VII and CN IX. Parotid gland receives parasympathetic input from CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve), and submandibular and sublingual glands receive parasympathetic input from CN VII (facial nerve).

5. Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS stimulate the salivary glands (t/f)

True. Parasympathetic innervation of salivary glands happen via cranial nerves VII and IX. Direct sympathetic innervation takes place via thoracic segments.

6. _division innervation stimulates watery, enzyme-rich saliva secretion, whereas _ division innervation stimulates a mucus-rich, more viscous saliva secretion.

Parasympathetically stimulated is watery and sympathetically stimulated is viscous

7. Longer pathway and slower system (parasympathetic – the upper box)

   Shorter pathway and faster system (sympathetic – the lower box)

9. Oesophagus secretes digestive enzymes (t/f)

False. Digestive enzymes are secreted by exocrine glands throughout digestive tract, including salivary gland in mouth, secretory cells in stomach and pancreas, secretory glands in small intestine.

10. 4 main components of gastric juice:

Acid (Hydrochloric acid)

Hormones (intrinsic factors, gastrin)

Enzymes (Gastric lipase, pepsin)

Mucus for formation of chyme

Additional: water

11. Gastrin is released from the _ region of the stomach

Pyloric antrum (by G cells or gamma cells)

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