Based on the information provided in the figure below, choose whether introns or

Question

Based on the information provided in the figure below, choose whether introns or 3' untranslated regions (UTR) of a gene have higher rates of nucleotide substitution and the reason why.

Introns have higher rates of substitutions since the introns do not code for protein. The 3' UTR of a gene may have a functional role in regulating mRNA stability and translation 3 Pseudogene 0 Synonymous__ Introns have higher rates of substitutions because the introns do not code for protein The 3' UTR may be translated, so there is a functional constraint on substitutions Nonsynonymous The 3' UTR of a gene has a higher rate of nucleotide substitution since they mutate rapidly through the process of exon shuffling O Both should have approximately the same substitution rates since both introns and the 3' UTR are noncoding regions of the gene 6 9 6 9 5 untranslated 3 untranslated 9 5 untranslated 3 untranslated region Exons region 9 9

Explanation / Answer

Ans 1. Introns have higher rates of substitutions since the introns do not code for protein, The 3' UTR of a gene may have a functional role in regulating mRNA stability and translation.

Reason. Introns are non-coding region of mRNA which are ventually spliced so they can any have kind change in genetic alteration which will not affect the translation of a polypeptide.

But 3' UTR has the following function:

a) They have binding site for regulatory proteins, miRNA etc which regulates the translation process.

b) It has a silencer region for binding of repressor protein that inhibits translation of that certain mRNA

c) They contain poly A tail at the end of mRNA which binds Poly A binding proteins and help in stability of the mRNA and regulation of translation.

For the above reasons if their are neucleotide substitution cell function might be hampered.

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