1S er ert veSaiene 12 2 3 4 5 8 9 pg up 5. Imagine a diploid animal species with

Question

1S er ert veSaiene 12 2 3 4 5 8 9 pg up 5. Imagine a diploid animal species with a single gene that controls the production of a particular digestive enzyme. Currently, there are three alleles for this gene present in the population you are studying, and the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. (13 pts) a Assume we are using typical notation to designate allele frequencies. Descni pg dn te allele frequencies. Describe in words what adding up these values tells you about the population. Be as specific as possible, but use only the information given in the problenm 2pq +2pr +2 qr b. Which of these eight situations could cause there to be one individual in this population that carries one copy of a new, different form of this gene? (circle all correct answers) non-random mating mutation Suppose that this population has 1,000,000,000 individuals. Based on part a, and assuming that part b occurs, define 's' and explain why someone might say that ptqtrs 1 and why someone else might reasonably argue that p+ q r 1.

Explanation / Answer

1.

For a gene with three alleles, the frequency of each allele is the frequency of its homozygote plus 1/2 the sum of the frequencies of all heterozygotes in which it can occur.

Let's say we have a gene locus with three distinct molecular alleles, "X", "@" and "&". The same shorthand can be used, although there is no distinct dominance/recessiveness implied.

The frequency of X = p (which also can be written as "f(X)")

The frequency of @ = q (which also can be written as "f(@)")

The frequency of & = r (which also can be written as "f(&)")

To calculate your expected genotype frequencies (if the population is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium), simply include the additional frequency variable (r):

(p + q + r)2

which expands to...

p2 + 2pq + q2 + 2pr + 2qr + r2 = 1.0

The following genotypes are possible at this locus:

XX (p2)

X@ (2pq)

@@ (q2)

X& (2pr)

@& (2qr)

&& (r2)

2.

Mutation, genetic drift, directional selection, speciation, gene flow, and sexual reproduction will be the possible case that may result into the carrying of new copy of different gene form to the progeny.

The rest two do not involved in any kind of genetic change, they are physiological factors.

3.

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