4. The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) catalyzes the final step of alcoholic

Question

4. The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) catalyzes the final step of alcoholic fermentation. However, the zyme also occurs in humans and functions under aerobic conditions to oxidize ethanol in the liver. One effect of ethanol intoxication is a dramatic decrease in the NAD concentration in liver cells, which decreases the aerobic utilization of glucose. en a) Why does ethanol consumption lead to a reduction in NAD concentration and to a decrease in aerobic respiration? (3 points) b) Most of the unpleasant effects of hangovers result from an accumulation of acetaldehyde and its metabolites. Where does the acetaldehyde come from? Be specific. (3 pts) c) Methanol is not just an intoxicant; it is a deadly poison due to the toxic effect of the formaldehyde to which it is converted to in the liver. The medical treatment for methanol poisoning usually involves administration of large does of ethanol. Why is this treatment effective? (2 pts)

Explanation / Answer

ans-a ethanol consumption lead to reduction in NAD+ and decrease in aerobic respiration because the ethanol is oxidized in liver with the help of ADH which convert the alcohol into aldehyde and this reaction require NAD+ so these are reduced

ans-b the acetldehyde comes from the oxidation of the alcohol in the liver. the following equation describes it.

CH3CH2OH + NAD+ = CH3CHO + NADH + H+.

ans-c ethanol is used in treatment because it act as a competitive inhibitor for methanol and it bind with ADH and block the binding of the methanol with ADH. Due to this the methanol is directly excreted through the kidney without being oxidized into toxic products.

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