A.) please describe the third law of thermodynamics. Please state each prerequis

Question

A.) please describe the third law of thermodynamics. Please state each prerequisite B.)what is the limitation of it? C.) what is the role of it in the determination of entropy? D.) what is the reference state for determination of enthalpy? A.) please describe the third law of thermodynamics. Please state each prerequisite B.)what is the limitation of it? C.) what is the role of it in the determination of entropy? D.) what is the reference state for determination of enthalpy? B.)what is the limitation of it? C.) what is the role of it in the determination of entropy? D.) what is the reference state for determination of enthalpy?

Explanation / Answer

A) Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy. In particular, it describes how thermal energy is converted to and from other forms of energy and how it affects matter., the Third Law may be restated to apply to the real world as: the entropy of a perfect crystal approaches zero as its temperature approaches absolute zero. We can extrapolate from experimental data that the entropy of a perfect crystal reaches zero at absolute zero

Thethird law of thermodynamicsstates that the entropy of a system approaches a constant value as the temperature approaches zero. The entropy of a system at absolute zero is typically zero, and in all cases is determined only by the number of different ground states it has.

B) limitation :

(1) Glassy solids even at 0oK has entropy greater than zero. (2) Solids having mixtures of isotopes do not have zero entropy at 0oK. For instance, entropy of solid chlorine is not zero at 0oK. (3) Crystals of CO, N2O, NO, H2O, etc. do not have perfect order even at 0oK thus their entropy is not equal to zero.

C) determintaion of ENTROPY:: the third law of thermodynamics is that it helps in the calculation of absolute entropies of the substance at any temperature T. S=2.303 Cp log T Where CP is the heat capacity of the substance at constant pressure and is supposed to remain constant in the range of 0 to T. The Third Law of Thermodynamics is concerned with the limiting behavior of systems as the temperature approaches absolute zero.Most thermodynamics calculations use only entropy differences, so the zero point of the entropy scale is often not important

D) The enthalpy is the preferred expression of system energy changes in many chemical, biological, and physical measurements at constant pressure, because it simplifies the description of energy transfer.Enthalpy is defined as a thermodynamic state function, designated by the letter "H", that consists of the internal energy of the system (U) plus the product of pressure (p) and volume (V) of the system:H = U + pV

where H is the enthalpy of the system U is the internal energy of the system p is the pressure of the system V is the volume of the system

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