5. Describe the process of performing an abdominal Assessment. 6. Nursing Assess

Question

5. Describe the process of performing an abdominal Assessment. 6. Nursing Assessment may be organized by Head to Toe or System by System. what is the advantage of the Head to Toe method? 7, Describe the term Level of Consciousness (Loc) 8. What blood tests are in each. cluded in the Complete Blood Count (CBC) and describe 12-2. Please also include the 9. Please be familiar with positions on page 292 Table fowler's position to that list 10. Please be very familiar with Physical Assessment 11. What are adventitious breathe sounds and list two 12. Please be familiar with Box 12-7 on page 297 12. Please be familiar with Box 12-10 on page 310. Guide on page 300 Box 12-8.

Explanation / Answer

Ans.5. The process of performing an abdominal assesment:

1. Inspection: It mainly include the visual review of the abdomen.The countor region is also examined, contour describes the overall shape of the abdomen while symmetry is used to assess specific areas of imbalance. It also includes the checking for bruises, discolorations, and looking for movement associated with peristalsis.

2. Ausculation: To assess the vascular sound as well as bowel sound. The procedure invovles:

a) Perform prior to palpation and percussion.

b) Use the diaphragm of the stethoscope.

c) Place lightly against the skin.

3. Percussion:To assess the size and position of solid organs within the abdomen and also to detect gaseous distention and/or fluid within the abdomen.

4) Palpation : It is mainly used to substantiate findings noted from previous measures of assessment and to further explore the abdomen. Palpation permits evaluation of the major abdominal organs in terms ofshape, size, position and tenderness. Light palpation is a gentle exploration using both hands. Useful to detect overall abdominal tenderness.

Ans.6. Advantage of head to toe assessment:

a)The head to to toe assessment has many advantages and it works effeciently. It keeps a nurse organised, ensures a thorough exam, is sequential and is easy on the patient.

b) Conducting a head-to-toe assessment ensures that a nurse is thorough in her assessment of the patient. By starting at the head and working her way down to the feet, she makes sure that she does not miss any of the major body systems. This type of assessment means that a nurse is checking all systems for abnormalities and is less likely to miss any problems the patient may have.

c) The head-to-toe assessment follows a logical sequence. It starts at the head and neck, moves on to the chest, then to the abdomen. It is easy to remember and makes sense for a nurse who is just starting out. The assessment is also second nature for those who have been nurses for years. Its chain of thinking makes sense and can keep a nurse on track, so that she does not forget any of the important parts of her assessment.

d) This form of assessment helps a nurse stay organised and to not forget things in her assessment. It helps her to not miss important data and even helps her with writing her notes. If a nurse writes down assessment data in a head-to-toe fashion, she will not forget to document anything. Head-to-toe assessment is like a portable file cabinet. The technique helps a nurse keep things organised in her head and to organise her flow sheets efficiently.

e) The patient does not have to make very many position changes with the head-to-toe assessment. This can be of vital importance when dealing with critical patients or working on patients who are very sick. It would not be advantageous for a nurse to jump all around and ask the patient to turn over five times, when she could ask them to do it once. This way, the nurse concentrates on one area and then moves on to the next.

Ans.7. Level of Consciousness: It is a state of wakefulness, alertness, awareness which normal human being experiences when not in state of sleep. But the abnormal state of consciousness includes altered states of consciousness by various observers, clouding of consciousness, confusional state, delirium, lethargy, obtundation, stupor, dementia, hypersomnia, vegetative state, akinetic mutism, locked-in syndrome, coma, and brain death.

Ans.8. Complete blood count includes the blood test i.e.red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets count. For all these test blood samples are withdrawn.

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