1. Which of the following explains the need for process evaluation?- a. To help
ID: 243940 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Which of the following explains the need for process evaluation?-
a. To help identify whether implementation of the program contributed to the program’s failure
b. To provide operational information to new sites so that the program can be successfully replicated
c. To meet requirements of funding agencies, specifically regarding demonstrating the extent of program implementation
d. To provide data upon which to make midcourse corrections in the delivery of the program
e. All of the above
2. A process evaluation conducted for the purpose of establishing the maximum possible effect of a health program intervention carried out precisely according to the intervention protocol is which of the following?
a. Efficacy study
b. Effectiveness study
c. Efficiency study
d. None of the above
3. Which of the following data would NOT be useful in monitoring participants and recipients?
a. Demographic characteristics
b. Participant/recipient contact information
c. Participant/recipient program satisfaction
d. Number of persons denied program
e. None of the above
4. Which of the following is a source for program variability?
a. Staff preferences and interest
b. Material availability and appropriateness
c. Participant expectation and receptivity
d. Physical environment of site and organizational support
e. All of the above
5. A substance abuse intervention program was designed to consist of 16 sessions. However, program staff believed that 12 sessions would suffice for the designated target audience. In the end, though, only eight sessions were ultimately implemented. An evaluation of the program revealed that substance use among the target population increased. Which of the following concepts likely explains program failure in this situation?
a. An aspect of program effect theory was flawed
b. Nonprogram
c. Unstandardizd intervention
d. Nonrobust intervention
6. A substance abuse intervention program was designed to consist of 16 sessions. However, program staff believed that 12 sessions would suffice for the designated target audience. In the end, though, only eight sessions were ultimately implemented. An evaluation of the program revealed that substance use among the target population increased. The program staff’s belief that 12 sessions would be adequate is an example of ___ and their actual implementation of the 8 week program is an example of _____.
a. Effect theory
b. Espoused theory
c. Theory-in-use
d. Self-efficacy
e. Both espoused theory and theory-in-use
7. The program efficiency index is useful for:
a. Converting data into information
b. Quantifying outputs of the service utilization plan
c. Quantifying outputs of the organizational plan
d. Both a and b
e. None of the above
8. The funders of the HIV awareness program that you have been implementing have requested an economic evaluation as part of the required Grant Performance Report. Which of the following questions would best help guide the determination of the economic analysis most appropriate to use to meet the funders’ specific request?
a. Are the funders asking to compare the HIV program to another program?
b. Are the funders just looking for a straightforward presentation of expenses related to the delivery of the HIV awareness program?
c. In addition to cost, do the funders also want the analysis to include impact?
d. Both a and c
e. All of the above
9. You offer to meet the funders request to provide an accounting of expenses by category or line item, broken down by time periods and participants. Which type of economic evaluation would you be conducting?
a. Cost description
b. Cost analysis
c. Cost comparison
d. Cost-benefit
e. All of the above
10. However, the funders request that you need to compare the cost per participant of the program to the cost per participant of another HIV awareness program that they fund. Which type of economic evaluation are they requesting?
a. Cost description
b. Cost analysis
c. Cost comparison
d. Cost-effectiveness
e. All of the above
11. As part of their annual evaluation, a violence prevention organization reported that their violence prevention program saved over one million dollars per year by preventing 300 shootings per year. What type of economic evaluation is this?
a. Cost description
b. Cost analysis
c. Cost comparison
d. Cost-effectiveness
e. There is not enough information to determine this
12. The cardiology unit wanted to determine which was more economically preferable to patients—having high cholesterol or having chronic high blood pressure. Which of the following economic evaluations would be most useful for this type of analysis?
a. Cost description
b. Cost analysis
c. Cost comparison
d. Cost-utility
e. All of the above
13. Which of the following conditions would eliminate the usefulness of a cost-utility analysis?
a. If intermediate program impacts are of interest.
b. If quality of life is not measurable with a single variable.
c. If it is costly to obtain utility data.
d. If more than one health state was being analyzed.
e. a, b, and c
14. Which of the following is NOT a step involved in conducting economic evaluations?
a. Develop decision rules
b. Choose an accounting perspective
c. Monetize and compute program costs
d. Monetize program effects
e. Estimate funding priorities
15. Using program money for food for meetings but not keeping track of this expense is a breach of which type of accountability?
a. Legal
b. Fiscal
c. Coverage
d. Impact
16. Which of the following is NOT an element of performance measures?
a. Numerator
b. Denominator
c. Federally stipulated
d. Measure
17. To achieve change requires which of the following of a program manager?
a. Staff motivation
b. Group skills
c. Cooperation building
d. Patience
e. All of the above
18. Reviewing the actions of the program staff with regard to fulfilling minimum requirements and standards is:
a. Process monitoring
b. Quality improvement
c. Quality assurance
d. Process improvement.
19. Process improvement and process evaluation differ with regard to all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Philosophy
b. Methods
c. Purpose
d. Timing
20. Interpretation of process data is influenced by which of the following:
a. Coverage
b. Staff explanation
c. Efficiency index
d. Program fidelity
e. All of the above
21. Evaluation users should be involved with evaluation to:
a. Judge the utility of the evaluation design
b. Know strengths and weaknesses of the evaluation
c. Identify differences in criteria for judging evaluation quality
d. Learn about methods
e. All of the above
22. A community agency wanted to know if their school condom distribution program was having an effect on rates of STDs among teens. The only available and relevant secondary data was collected a few years prior, but the stakeholders did not believe that this data reflected their community. In addition, the local school board denied evaluators access to their students to collect evaluation data. Therefore, the program staff was forced to restate their question to focus on number of students who received free condoms from the program over the past year. Restating the evaluation question upheld which of the following evaluation question characteristics?
a. Relevant data can be collected
b. More than one answer is possible
c. Leads to information that decision makers want and feel they need
d. All of the above
23. Which of the three levels of intervention effect evaluation seeks to attribute changes in program participants to the interventions?
a. Outcome documentation
b. Outcome assessment
c. Outcome evaluation
d. None of the above
24. An effect evaluation was being conducting of a cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention program. The program targeted cholesterol consumption and exercise. The evaluation question was, “did lowering cholesterol intake and increasing exercise decrease CVD?”
a. Cholesterol and exercise are the dependent variables and CVD is the independent variable.
b. Cholesterol and CVD are the dependent variables and exercise is the independent variable.
c. Exercise and CVD are the y variables and cholesterol is the x variable.
d. CVD is the dependent variable and cholesterol and exercise are the independent variables.
e. CVD, exercise and cholesterol are all dependent variables.
25. In question #9, cholesterol and exercise are also considered:
a. Behavioral habits
b. Causal factors
c. Antecedents factors
d. Outcomes
e. Moderating factors
26. Which of the following is a criterion for a good evaluation?
a. A decision process that is inclusive and thoughtful.
b. Stakeholders need to be able to believe the evaluation results and the evaluator.
c. Stakeholders need to trust that the evaluation and the evaluator use scientific and ethical methods.
d. The most feasible and reasonable design must be used.
e. All of the above
27. At which level of the Public Health Pyramid is the evaluation the most straightforward?
a. Direct services level
b. Enabling services level
c. Population-based services level
d. Infrastructure level
28. Which of the following techniques will help to validate a questionnaire?
a. Pilot test
b. Limiting number of questions
c. Not using skip patterns
d. Reading comprehension no greater than a 6th grade level.
e. All of the above
29. Which of the following is NOT an example of a primary data source?
a. Self-report
b. Death certificate
c. Standardized tests
d. Biological samples
e. None of the above
30. What type of sampling approach must be used to determine causation?
a. Snowball
b. Convenience
c. Probability
d. Random
e. Both C and D
31. Which type(s) of samples would be used to find evaluation participants in hard- to- reach populations?
a. Snowball and Random digit dialing
b. Convenience and Snowball
c. Nested
d. Quota and Nested
e. Random digit dialing and Quota
32. Non-response bias can be reduced by all of the following strategies EXCEPT:
a. Incentives to participate
b. Repeated attempts to find non-responders
c. Increase the number invited to participate
d. Taking care in the development of the questionnaire
33. Power analysis requires which of the following:
a. The statistical power and number of variables
b. Sample size, the statistical power, the statistical test, and effect size
c. Number of variables and effect size
d. Standard deviation and number of variables
e. The statistical test and standard deviation
f. Effect size and statistical test
34. The choice to use a probability sample or a non-probability sample is influenced by which of the following:
a. Cost to find evaluation participants
b. Whether causation is important to show
c. Need for representativeness of the sample
d. Skill of the evaluator and the evaluation design
e. All of the above
35. A rule of thumb is that paper ought to be kept for as long as the evaluation is active and until the final report has been distributed. It then must be destroyed. This rule also applies to the electronic files. Why do you think this is?
a. To not confuse old data with current data
b. To preserve the integrity of the study
c. There will never be a use for the data again
d. Ethical obligation
36. Linking data sets is often done in order to:
a. Connect program participation with outcome data
b. Connect impact data with outcome data
c. Associate program impact data with services utilization
d. Validate self-report responses
e. All of the above
37. Which of the following factors influences the statistical choice?
a. Type of design
b. Level of measurement
c. Level of analysis
d. Level at which the intervention was delivered
e. All of the above
38. Which of the following reasons explains why descriptive statistics are important in an analysis plan?
a. Helps select the appropriate statistical tests for comparisons and correlations.
b. Easy for stakeholders to understand.
c. Helps to assess whether the data are normally distributed.
d. Provides the first understanding of a program’s participants and effects.
e. All of the above.
39. When analyzing a comparison question, what type of statistical test would be used to assess the significance of parametric interval data?
a. Chi square tests
b. ANOVA
c. ANCOVA
d. Z test
e. None of the above
40. Which of the following types of evaluation questions are the most difficult to answer?
a. Causation
b. Prediction
c. Association
d. Comparison
e. Both a and b
41. Regression analysis can be used for what type of analysis?
a. Causation
b. Prediction
c. Association
d. Comparison
e. Both a and b
42. Which of the following qualitative perspectives addresses meaning?
a. Ethnography
b. Phenomenology
c. Grounded theory
d. Content analysis
e. All of the above
43. This method uses text as the data.
a. Observation
b. In-depth individual interview
c. Focus group
d. Survey with open-ended questions
e. Narrative methods
44. This method uses multiple sources of data.
a. Case study
b. Observation
c. In-depth individual interview
d. Focus group
e. Survey with open-ended questions
45. The methodology for this type of study varies widely from non-participatory approaches like collecting data behind a one-way mirror to participatory approaches such as collecting data as a member of the target audience.
a. Case study
b. Observation
c. In-depth individual interview
d. Survey with open-ended questions
e. Narrative methods
46. This method allows for storytelling.
a. Case study
b. In-depth individual interview
c. Focus group
d. Survey with open-ended questions
e. Narrative methods
47. An empirical inquiry into existing phenomena in their real-life contexts when the boundary between what is being studied and its context is not clearly evident. ___
a. Case study
b. Observation
c. Focus group
d. Survey with open-ended questions
e. Narrative methods
48. Using this method allows the evaluator to take advantage of the group dynamic that can lead to discussions and revelations of new information.
a. Case study
b. Observation
c. In-depth individual interview
d. Focus group
e. Narrative methods
49. Which of the following is NOT an element of the informed consent?
a. States purpose of research
b. Explain direct benefit of participating in the research
c. Gives the risk involved in participating in the research
d. Explains participation is voluntary
e. None of the above
Match the characteristic of the evaluation with the type of review required by an IRB.
50. Full a. Personal information cannot be linked to the participant
51. Expedited b. Participants are from a vulnerable, high risk group
52. Exempt c. Participant identify is known, participation has minimal risk
Match the name with the description:
53. Fishbone chart a. used to identify those few who cause the most problems
54. Control chart b. shows separate process steps in sequential order
55. Flow chart c. gives upper and lower bounds to the mean value
56. Pareto chart d. shorts many causes with contributing factors into a sequence
Explanation / Answer
53-a
54-c
55-d
56-b
50-b
51-c
52- a
49-e
48-d
47-a
46-e
45-b
44-a
43-d
42-e
41-a
40-a, b
39-b
38-b,
37-a, b
36-e
33-b
32-b
31-a
28-a
2-a
17-e
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