CASE TWO Douglas is a 28-year old African who has just ret years in the United S

Question

CASE TWO Douglas is a 28-year old African who has just ret years in the United States while attending college have good follow-through in updating his vaccinat visit. After being in his village for about two weeks flu-like symptoms with high fevers, chills, extreme fa aches. He blamed the fact that he became ill on it bein tropical part of Africa he is from and the poor quality of he had spent the night at enroute to his village. His cond that his family transported him to a nearby free clinic for A. What disease should the attending Physician's Assist Without Borders volunteer, suspect? A complete blood smear and subsequent testing reveal tha B. by the parasite P. falciparum? a) What type of infectious agent is this? b) Describe its life cycle c) What is the mode of transmission? Douglas, is advised to begin treatment right away in further complications, some of which can ho liu tl d)

Explanation / Answer

A)The disease that caused to Douglas is Malaria.It is a mosquito born infectious disease affecting humans caused by protozoan parasite belongs to plasmodium family.

B)Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans and the deadliest species that causes malaria.It is transmitted through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquitto.The infected stage called sporozoites released from the salivary glands through the proboscis of mosquito enter the bloodstream during feeding.the mosquito saliva contains antihemostatic and anti-inflammatory enzymes that disrupts the blood clotting and inhibit the pain reaction.In liver stage the hepatocytes enters,the parasite loses its apical complex and surface coat and transforms into the trophozoite.Within the parasitophorous vacuole of the hepatocyte,it undergoes 13-14 rounds of mitosis and meiosis which produces a cell called schizont.From the surface of the schizont tens of thousands of daughter cells called merozoites emerge.The parasite first binds to the erythrocytein in a random oreintation than reorients such that the apical complex is proximity to erythrocyte membrane.After invading the erythrocyte the parasite loses its specific invasion organelles and differentiates into a round trophozoite located within the parasitophorous vacuole.At the schizont stage the parasite replicates the DNA multiple times and multiple mitotic divisions occur.It forms 16-18 merozoites.the red blood cells are ruptured by the merozoites.the duration of each blood stage is approximately 4 hrs.The time of appearance of the symptoms from infection may range from 11-14 days.

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