2. Explain the difference between oxidation and reduction 3. How is cell cycle r

Question

2. Explain the difference between oxidation and reduction

3. How is cell cycle regulation a “coupled reaction”

4. Diagram an enzymatic reaction in action. Label the enzyme, substrate, active site, and product.

5. Diagram and label an ATP molecule. Explain where energy is stored and how it works.

6. How are NAD+ and FAD similar?

7. Photosynthetic organisms, such as plants, algae, and certain bacteria, capture the energy in sunlight and transform it into sugar molecules. Other organisms eat this sugar to harvest the energy. Explain where the energy is stored in these sugar molecules, and how animals harvest it.

8. Draw a free energy diagram. Label the products, reactants, activation energy, DG and if it is endergonic or exergonic.

9. Diagram a graph that demonstrates enzymes optimal at pH of 7 & 10.

10. Soft drinks are artificially carbonated by the injection of CO2 gas under pressure. Beer on the other hand is naturally carbonated. How does this natural carbonation occur?

11. During interphase the chromosomes are not visible through a light microscope. Why would you expect this to be the case? Where are they?

Explanation / Answer

2. Oxidation is a reaction where a reactant loses an electron or when oxygen is added to that reactant. Reduction is a reaction when a reactant gains electrons or loses an oxygen atom.

6. Both NAD+ and FAD are electron carriers. They accept electron and gets reduced. Their reduced states then donate these electron to other reactants after which they get oxidised again.

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