A patient went to the doctor for an annual physical and the following informatio

Question

A patient went to the doctor for an annual physical and the following information was obtained during the exam: While assessing vital signs, the gauge on the sphygmomanometer pulsated first at 118mmHg continued to do so rhythmically until 78mmHg. During a routine EKG, the R-R value measured 750msec. During a routine echocardiogram, 50ml of blood returned to the left ventricle during depolarization and 110ml of blood entered during ventricular repolarization. Following a routine blood draw, the laboratory report stated that only D agglutinins were Calculate the following: (be sure to include the correct units) a) Heart Rate b) Blood Pressure c) Pulse Pressure d) End-diastolic volume e) End-systolic volume f) Stroke Volume g) Cardiac Output h) Mean Arterial Pressure i) Total Peripheral Resistance j) Ejection Fraction k) Blood Type

Explanation / Answer

Answer-

A) Heart rate -80bpm

heart rate can be calculated by R-R time interval

heart rate is beats of heart per minute

there will be more than 60 beats in 1 minutes and each beat have R wave. Time difference between two R waves is equel to 750 msec.

if 1 beat (from R To R ) require 750 msec then in one minute

60X1000ms=60000ms

heart beat = 60000ms/750ms

= 80 beat per minute.

B) Blood pressure - 118/78 mmHg

because reding shown in sphygmomanometer pakseted first at 118mmHg indicates the pressure during systol then this pressure drops to 78mmHg rhythmically which indicates diasystolic pressure.both the pressure reading shows the blood pressure.

C)Pulse pressure - 40mmHg

pulse pressure is the diffrence between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.

Systolic pressure - Diastolic pressure = pulse pressure

118mmHg - 78mmHg = 40mmHg

D)End diastolic volume-110ml

end diastolic volume is volume of blood which is filled in left ventricle during repolerization.due to repolerization ventricle relaxed and blood fill into empty ventricle.this event is known as diastole.The volume of blood in left ventricle during diastole and just before the systole event occur is called End diastolic volume.

E) End systolic volume-50ml

The volume of blood that returns to the left ventricle contraction.left ventricle contract due to depolerization of ventricular wall this event is called systole. at the end of systole event some amount of blood return to the left ventricle which is known as End systolic volume.

F) stroke volume - 60 ml

stroke volume is the volume of blood ejaculate from left ventricle during systol.because after systole some amount of the blood returns to the left ventricle, Thus stroke volume of ejaculated volume can be calculated by following formula.

Stroke volume = End Diastolic volume - End systolic volume

60ml = 110ml - 50ml

G) cardiac output -4.8 L/min

cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute.

it can be calculated by following formula

cardiac output(CO) = heart rate X stroke Volume

CO= 80 beats/min X 60ml

CO=80 beats /min X 0.06L

CO=4.8L/min

H) mean arterial pressure-91.33mmHg

mean arterial pressure can be calculated by following formula

maen Arterial pressure=2D+S/3

where D is diastolic pressure and s is systolic pressure

MAP=2(78)+118/3

MAP=156+118/3

MAP=274/3

MAP=91.33 mmHg

I)Total peripheral resistance

TPR is calculated by following formula

TPR=mean arterial pressure/Cardiac outpu

TPR=91.33/4.8

TPR=19.33mmhg

j)Ejection fraction-

Ef %=Stroke volume/End diastolic volume x 100

60ml/110ml x100

Ef =0.54 X 100

Ef =54%

K) blood type will be O negetive.

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