Scientific Views are based on evidence rather than an appeal to authority. Which

Question

Scientific Views are based on evidence rather than an appeal to authority. Which of the following statements demonstrates a conclusion based on evidence?

A. We conclude that lungs evolved before swim bladders because Darwin wrote that swim bladders evolved before lungs in The Origin of Species

B. We conclude that lungs evolved before swim bladders because a study of branching patterns shows that some of the oldest lineages of Ostrichthyes have lungs

C. We conclude that lungs evolved before swim bladders because the oldest Osteichthyan fossils show lungs arising before swim bladders.

D. We conclude that lungs evolved before swim bladders because Hox genes direct the evolution of swim bladders but not of lungs.

(C is wrong)

Explanation / Answer

Osteichthyans, in its branching lineages, organisms have lungs.
The lungs are used to breathe air and exchange gases.
Pieces of evidence do support that lungs have evolved in early osteichthyans.
Later in some lineages, swim bladders evolved from lungs.

Option b is the correct answer

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