From article https://drive.google.com/file/d/1c6eOAp-9Fqg5JNd9c62lPfXwWsChA5WH/v

Question

From article https://drive.google.com/file/d/1c6eOAp-9Fqg5JNd9c62lPfXwWsChA5WH/view, answer Question 4 from Part VII - Societal Implications of HIV Protection

Q 4. In biology, the terms “resistance” and “immunity” have diff erent meanings. Resistance is a preexisting mutation in an organism that confers protection against a threat or challenge such as a virus. “Resistance” is used in the same manner as “antibiotic-resistance” in bacteria. “Immunity” refers to an active response of the immune system to the challenge of foreign particles that confers protection upon the organism. You have investigated many forms of protections against HIV. Which of these constitute resistance and which of them constitute immunity?

Explanation / Answer

Resistance to HIV: If a person contains mutations that make HIV unable to infect or can not survive in his body cells show resistance to HIV.

EX: C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5/CD195) is a chemokine receptor found on the WBC membrane. It is used as a coreceptor by HIV infection. People with CCR5-32 deletion show resistance to HIV infection.

It is an innate resistance mechanism.

Immunity to HIV: If a person can trigger an efficient immune response against HIV that can completely eliminate HIV from the body is said to be immune to HIV infection. Unfortunately, there is no person with perfect immunity to HIV due to the high variability of HIV. Since HIV infects immune system cells, the immune response is weakened in the affected individuals.

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