1) A young patient is brought to the doctor because of failure to thrive and is

Question

1) A young patient is brought to the doctor because of failure to thrive and is diagnosed with lissencephaly. Disruption in what signals, involved in what process, would cause this diagnosis.

2) What is the role of PAR proteins in determining the polarity of a neuron? What is the consequence of the loss of PAR?

3) Describe a piece of evidence that supports the idea that activity-dependent competition controls synapse elimination

4)What is a critical period? Give two examples. How would you test for the presence of a critical period?

5) Describe a scenario where loss of connectivity due to lack of stimulus during a critical period would be beneficial.

Explanation / Answer

1. failure to thrive is nowadays also known as weight faltering. This is the indication of extremely low weight or overweight. This situation may arise from various reasons.

lissencephaly is a genetic disorder. this disorder is one of the rare disorder. In this disease, there is an absence of fold in the cerebral cortex and led to the abnormal small head.

this disease is caused by various factors such as viral infection, insufficient blood flow or genetic factors. several genes such as LIS1 and DCX genes get mutated.

This disease is diagnosed on the basis of usual symptoms such abnormal head size, seizures, impaired motor abilities.

2. PAR protein is a partition defective protein. It plays an important role in polarity of the neuron. Par genes are specific to play the role in the asymmetric division of cell and polarity. Loss of par protein causes the malfunctioning of the neuron polarity.

4. The critical period is the maturation stage in an organism during nervous system is sensitive to the stimuli. some of the example of critical period is during postnatal development and development of hearing. We can test the critical period during learning second language.

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