Summarize what you understand from this article. Two-dimensional material-based

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Summarize what you understand from this article.

Two-dimensional material-based saturable absorbers: towards compact visible-wavelength Hi Cite this: Nahoicaiu, 2016, 8, 1066 all-fiber pulsed lasers Zhengqian Luo, Duanduan Wu,ta Bin Xu," Huiying Xu, Zhiping Cai, Jian Peng. Jian Weng, b Shuoxu." Chunhui Zhu Fengqiu Wang, Zhipei Sund and Han Zhang Passive Q-switching or mode locking by placing saturabie absorber inside the laser cavity is one of the most effective and popular techniques for pulse generation. However, most of the cument saturabie absorbers cannot work well in the visible spectral region, which seriously impedes the progress of pas. sively Q-switched mode-locked visible pulsed fbre lasers. Here, we report absorber two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides mMDs, eg. Wsa, Mosa, Moseul and suc. cessfully demonstrate compact red-light a switched praseadymium (Pro-doped al-rbre lasers. The passive Q switching operation generates stable laser pulses with 200 ns pulse duration, 28.7 Received 9th October 2015. nJ pulse energy and repetition rate from 232 to 512 kHz-This achievement Accepted 26th Nowmbar 2015 saturable absorption of these layered TMDs in the visible region, as well as the compact and all-nbre laser cavity design by coating ielectric mirror on the fibre end tacet. This workmay open a new route for next generation high performance pulsedlaser sources in the visible leven ultraviolet range. (eg. fibre optical parametric oscillatori E ntroduction generation in photonic crystal fibres, frequency doubling of near-infrared fibee lasers" and up-conversion fibre lasers". Compact and efficient visible wavelength pulsed lasers are of great interest for various applications, including underwater r Although these techniques, by exciting optical nonlinear pro- GE detection, laser medicine, and biomedical imaging. Although cesses in fibres, can indeed convert infrared pumping light visible wavelength pulsed solid-state bulk laser systems (eg Ti into widely tuneable visible light," they often suffer from low sapphire pumped optical parametric oscillators) have been efficiency, instability complex structure. In contrast, if one relatively matured, limitations in terms of footprint, cost and combines rare earth doped fibre gain with Q-switching or efficiency have called for altemative laser solutions. For some ode locking technologies, pact and efficient visible practical applications, it is highly desired that visible wave- pulsed laser oscillators without additional frequency length pulsed sources are com pact, user-friend ly, low-cost and sion methods could be expected and become more attractive. maintenance-free. Fortunately, visible pulsed allfibre lasers The main challenges for the past decades are from: could satisfy all these demands. At present, visible pulsed fibre fabricating the low-loss visible gain fibres, (2) requiring high- ly based on frequency conversion techniques power shortwawelength (ultrawiolet or blue) pump laser diodes mode locker. Thanks to the fast development of soft-glass fibres (es zBLAN fibre) and high power r blue GaN LDs in recent years, exciting progress in continuous wave visible Pra -doped zBLAN fibre lasers has been made,' but the pulsed operation of a visible fibre laser is very rare. Although active Q-switching by an acousto-optic modulator has been recent tly reported in visible wavelengths, sacrifices the all-fibre structure and increases the system cost. In con trast, passive Qswitching or mode locking could be preferred, and this is therefore stimulat- tElectronie Kupplementary indammation aailable. See Doo. ing research on new saturable absorption materials for passively Q-switched mode-locked visible fibre lasers. :There authan contributed equally to thi wark 1066 Nanascak, 2006 &1066-1072 Thispumaise The Royalsocity of chemiary 2016

Explanation / Answer

This article is to develop or search for the materials that can be act as saturable absorbers in the visible region. For generating pulsed laser from the laser cavity, we have active Q-switching and passive Q-switching processes. In active q-switching, one can acousto optic modulators for generating the pulsed laser. Where as in passive Q-switching, one can use saturable absorbers i..e the material absorbs lot of energy in the cavity and stops the light for some time. After some time it emits all teh light in a very short interval of time which is pulse width. As the material releasing large amount of energy in very short interval of time such as ns, ps and fs it carries a large peak. In this article, the authors develop the materials which can be act as saturable absorbers for realizing the ultrafast lasers in visible region.

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