please help!!! 2.)many bacteria and fungi that are parasitic of plants face the
ID: 193497 • Letter: P
Question
please help!!!
2.)many bacteria and fungi that are parasitic of plants face the daunting task of finding and infecting a new host by Airborne Spore dispersal followed by germinating upon and then penetrating the leaf surface of their host. What are some of the specific adaptations possessed by some of these parasites to gain access to leave tissue by entering through stomata thereby evading the plant leave cuticle? search on Rust fungi, Uromyces
3.)Among bryophytes, stomata are restricted to the sporophyte life stage (found in mosses and some hornworts). Why? Why might it be adaptive for the only sporophyte and not the gametophyte stage in the life cycle to possess the stomata ?
Explanation / Answer
2. Parasitic adaptations for infections:
a. Rust fungi are biotrophs. Their spores produce adhesins that make them stick to the plant surface. Once attached, they produce a germ tube which locates the stomata by Thigmotropism.
b. Some fungi alter their global genome expression pattern in order to evade and survive the host immune system.
c. Some fungi secrete special substances that can clear off the cuticle allowing the entry into cells.
d. Some fungi produce haustoria like structures to sequester nutrients.
3.
In bryophytes, both gametophyte and sporophyte are dependent on water for survival. They are the first plants to colonize the land (Amphibians of plant kingdom).
Gametophyte is an independent state that can synthesize its own food. It grows on marshy areas with a monolayered leaf like structures.
Sporophyte is dependent on gametophyte for attachment and resources. It contains a multilayered wall with stomata. It is adaptive for sporophyte to lose water through stomata so that it can pull more water from the gametophyte via transpirational pull.
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