answer the questions on these pages INTRODUCTION A: THE CONTENT In general the i
ID: 186593 • Letter: A
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answer the questions on these pages
INTRODUCTION A: THE CONTENT In general the information or the content in your introduction should answer the following questions 1. What is the subject of your report? What is your experiment about? 2. Why is the subject important? (optional) 3. What is the theory on this subject? What is known about this subjecti? 4. How does your experiment compare with previous experiments done in that area (is it going to ects? etc.) confirm a hypothesis already stated, to apply a methodology to other subj aim or objective of your experiment or what hypothesis(es) is/are being tested? What are you trying to find out? 6. How are you going to test your hypothesis? The answers to these questions can help to provide guidelines as to what information s hould be included in the introduction Apply your knowledge Look at the following introduction to a laboratory experiment. Identify the answers to the above questions. Has the author included information to answer all of the above questions? Introduction Every season farmers must sow new seeds of crops hoping to collect good yield. In agriculture, it is importont to test the seed for viability before planting. In this experiment, we will test corm seed viability using an indicator for active cellular respiration. Plant cells are eukaryotic cells containing multiple organelles, including mitochondria that perform cellular respiration oxidation of glucose(Urry, 2014) The activity of mitochondria depends on cell viability and is often absent in seeds that are old and not viable of mitochondria and degree of respiration (B10166 lab manual, 2015). This chemical mitochondrial octivity. Using tetrazolium, we will compare mitochondrial seeds. We hypothesize that in actively developing seeds tetrozolium i old seeds. We will evaluote the use of this method for testing of seed viability before sowing. anymore. Tetrazolium has been successfully used in previous studies to test for the presence turns pink when reduced by activity in old, fresh, dry and germinated corn reduced and turns red/pink, in contrast to dry or B: THE STRUCTURE lly structured The five different types of information typically found in the introduction are usua in a particular way Stage 1. State the subject of the report and why it is important. Stage 2. Summaries what researchers already know about the subject Stage 3. State how your experiment compares with previous experiments Stage 4. State the aim and/or hypothesis of your experiment. A hypothesis is a tentative answer to welframed questions; it is an explanation on trial. Your hypothesis is usually a rational accounting for a set of observations, based on the available data and guided by inductive reasoningExplanation / Answer
A. 1] The subject of the report is ' Viability of corn seeds to germinate into healthy plants'.
The experiment is to test the mitochondrial activity in the cells of the corn seeds with the help of tetrazolium
Tetrazolium is reduced to pink or red colour in the presence of CO2 which is given out during the breakdown of glucose inside the mitochondria in the presence of oxygen. It gives an indication of the state of the cells of the seeds and their chances to germinate.
2] The subject is important because it helps farmers to seggregate seeds which are active in their cellular functions. Such seeds hold a greater chance of germinating into healthy plants which will give more yield on maturity. This in turn will be economically beneficial for the farmers.
3] The theory is that the cells of old seeds are not very active in cellular functions like respiration.The mitochomdria of the cells of such seeds are incapable of performing cellular respiration i.e. the oxidation of glucose to yield CO2, water and energy in the form of ATP. As a result , the embryo within the cell does not get enough energy to germinate as the food stored in the cotyledons can not be oxidised due to the mitochondrial inactivity.
4] The experiment confirms the hypothesis that mitochondria are inactive in old seeds. The tetrazolium turned pink?red in the fresh and germinating seeds but showed no change of colour in the presence of old,dry seeds.
5] The aim of the experiment is to help farmers test the viability of seeds before sowing so that they get maximum output from all the efforts they will put in the growing of their crop.
6] To test our hypothesis, we will take 4 different conditions of corn seeds : * dry seeds
* old seeds
* fresh seeds, and
* germinating seeds
On treating each lot separately with tetrazolium , the change of colour was observed
* There was no change in the colour of tetrazolium in the presence of dry and old seeds, indicating that there was hardly any mitochondrial activity.
* In the presence of fresh and germinating seeds, tetrazolium was reduced and turned into a pink or dark pink colour. The change of colour was most prominent in germinating seeds indicating that mitochondria were most active in such seeds.
By performing this experiment we are testing the hypothesis that old seeds have lost [or considerably reduced] their germinating capacity because their mitochondria are unable to carry out oxidation of glucose to provide the necessary energy to the embryo within the seed so that it can germinate.
8. Stage 1-- Subject of the Report: To test the viability of corn seeds ,using an indicator, for active cellular
respiration.
Stage 2-- Theory: Plant cells are eukaryotic cells with well developed cell organelles in them . However, with the passage of time ,mitochondria, which is essential for cellular respiration becomes inactive and loses its capacity to carry out cellular respiration. This affects the viability of the seeds to germinate.
Tetrazolium is a dye which is reduced and changes colour if the mitochondria is active in the cells. The degree of mitochondrial activity can also be tested by the intensity of the colour change of tetrazolium-- ranging from pink to red. This helps researchers to find about the viability of the mitochondria.
Stage 3-- Observation and Inference: The experiment goes on to prove that the viability of seeds to germinate is reduced as they get old . Fresh seeds have a greater chance to germinate because in their cell active cellular respiration is taking place as the mitochondria are active.
This is proved by the change in colour of tetrazolium since it changes colour in the presence of actively respiring cells.
Stage 4-- Aim of the experiment- To prove that active cellular respiration takes place in fresh and germinaing seeds with the help of tetrazolium dye.
Hypothesis-- Old and dry cells have lost or reduced their capacity to germinate because of lack of active cellular respiration in them due to the inactive state of their mitochondria.
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