A) Define and compare autotrophs and heterotrophs, producers and consumers. Comp
ID: 18397 • Letter: A
Question
A)Define and compare autotrophs and heterotrophs, producers and consumers.
Compare the reactants, products, and energy yeilds of aerobic metabolism versus fermentation in human cells.
Describe the three stages of cellular respiration.
Why are enzymes so important to metabolism in general?
B)
Explain how the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complimentary to each other.
Compare the reactants and products of the light reactions and the Calvin cycle.
What are the requirements of photosynthesis and how do these relate to taking care of a plant?
Do plant cells have mitochodria? What does this imply about these cells if they do or don't have mitochondria?
Explanation / Answer
An autotroph is an organism that creates its own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. This is like a plant or protist. A heterotroph is like a human or other animal; they cannot produce their own food and must eat other organisms to live. A consumer is the organisms that obtain nutrients from other organisms. This is also a heterotroph. 1) Glycolysis: the cytoplasm 2) Krebs Cycle/The Citric Acid Cycle: mitochondria 3) Electron Transport Chain Because specific enzymes catalyse specific reactions. That is they speed up the rate of reaction. The rates of reactions would be far too slow at the temperature and pressure inside a cell. In fact many if not the vast majority would not occur at all because the activation energy of the reactions are far too great. Enzymes lower this activation energy and hence speed up the reaction. Also, reactions can be controlled through feedback inhibition on the enzyme and through the synthesis or degradation of the total amount of enzyme. Don't forget, as well, that the majority of enzymes are very specific. So each of the multitude of chemical reactions can be controlled. Photosynthesis and cellualar respiration are complementary processes because they involve the same componants of water, energy, carbon dioxide, oxygen and glucose. But each reaction is opposite to the other. The reactants and the products are reversed. kk so first u must understand tht the Light reaction and the calvin cycle r totally different the light reaction aka the light dependent reaction depends on light, this reaction takes place in the stroma, in the chloroplast. U can research more about how it exactly works but basically the products of it is ATP and NADPH2. These products u get them after the light from the sun goes through cyclic or non cyclic reaction. ADP + Pi = ATP and NADPH+ + H+ = NADPH2 Then photosynthesis continues, the next step is carbon fixation. Carbon fixation is still part of the light dependent reaction. After the carbon gets fixed it enters the Calvin cycle. the calvin cycle is now part of the dark reaction aka the light independent reactions, and like the name says it does not depend on light energy. The calvin cycle takes place in the thylakoid, which is in the chloroplast. Here is goes through a series of steps in which enzymes to different stuff to it to get the CO2 into an organic molecule..The main enzyme is called Rubisco (which is a short form for Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase). the calvin cycle produces glucose, but u need 6 turns of the calvin cycle for every molecule of glucose. the calvin cycle also produces carbohydrates, like lipids. Glucose is energy for the body, it can be broken down to get ATP, by a process called glycolysis furthermore, there are other things tht happen in between these steps tht help photosynthesis continue, such as hydrolysis and chemiosmosis to produce more ATP through a concentration gradient and ATP synthataze. u must take into account tht these processes are very complex and the description above is only a brief overview, im not sure wut grade ur in n how much u need to kno. so with the names of it u can look it up Photosynthesis is the ongoing process in which a plant turns light energy into "edible" energy to use as a food source. All complex plants, as well as algae and some bacteria, undergo photosynthesis. The process occurs mainly in a plant's leaves, in cells called chloroplasts. Photosynthesis occurs in two stages, the light reaction and the dark reaction, also called the light-dependent reaction and the light-independent reaction. Like all living things, plants must eat. Through the process of photosynthesis, a living plant takes sunlight, water and carbon dioxide from its environment and turns them into glucose. The glucose, a form of sugar, provides a large portion of the plant's nutritional needs. If the plant lacks any one of these key requirements, photosynthesis cannot take place, and the plant will die. Well plant cells need chloroplasts because that's where photosynthesis takes place. Also they need mitochondria because that's where cellular respiration takes place okay the person that said that below. is right but ill explain. chloroplast produces food for the plant and mitochondria makes the energy for the plant. if the plant didnt have one of these then it wouldn't survive.
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