1. What are the four basic aerodynamic forces? 2. What is the continuity equatio
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Question
1. What are the four basic aerodynamic forces?2. What is the continuity equation and its basic physical concept?
3. What is incompressible flow?
4. What is the difference between steady and unsteady flow?
5. What is Bernoulli’s equation and what assumptions are required for it to be valid?
6. What are some applications of the Bernoulli equation?
7. What is the first law of Thermodynamics?
8. What are specific energy and enthalpy?
9. What are the two types of specific heat and how do they relate to energy and enthalpy?
10. How do the ratio of specific heats, the gas constants, and specific heats relate to one another?
11. What is the second law of thermodynamics?
12. What is isentropic flow and what are the two key assumptions required?
13. What is the speed of sound and what is its physical significance?
14. What is the Mach number?
15. What are the key differences between incompressible subsonic flow, compressible subsonic flow,
transonic flow, and supersonic flow, and what are the approximate boundaries of these regimes?
16. What is a shock wave and how do fluid properties change across it?
17. What is the difference between static and stagnation pressure?
18. What are the pitot tube and the pitot-static tube and how are they used?
19. What is the difference between the true airspeed and the equivalent airspeed?
20. What are the differences between subsonic and supersonic wind tunnels?
21. What does the area-velocity relationship tell us about flow in a supersonic wind tunnel?
22. What is the throat, and what is its critical property?
23. What are total pressure, density, and temperature?
24. What is the difference between viscous and inviscid flow?
25. What is a Newtonian fluid?
26. What are dynamic and kinematic viscosities?
27. What is shear stress?
28. What is the Reynolds number and why is it important?
29. What is the boundary layer?
30. What is separation and what causes it?
31. What are the differences between laminar and turbulent flow and their respective boundary
layers?
32. What is the skin friction coefficient and how does it vary over a flat plate (laminar and turbulent)?
33. What is the effect of compressibility on skin friction?
34. What are the two main types of drag?
Explanation / Answer
1. Lift, Drag, Thrust, Weight 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuity_equation 3. Fluid motion with negligible changes in density. No fluid is truly incompressible, since even liquids can have their density increased through application of sufficient pressure. 4. steady: A steady flow is one in which the conditions (velocity, pressure and cross-section) may differ from point to point but DO NOT change with time. unsteady: If at any point in the fluid, the conditions change with time, the flow is described as unsteady. (In practise there is always slight variations in velocity and pressure, but if the average values are constant, the flow is considered steady. 5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli%27s_principle 6. http://www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/CIVE/CIVE1400/Section3/bernoulli-apps.htm 7. The first law of thermodynamics is an expression of the principle of conservation of energy. The law states that energy can be transformed, i.e. changed from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed. It is usually formulated by stating that the change in the internal energy of a system is equal to the amount of heat supplied to the system, minus the amount of work performed by the system on its surroundings. 8. Enthalpy is a measure of the total energy of a thermodynamic system. It includes the internal energy, which is the energy required to create a system, and the amount of energy required to make room for it by displacing its environment and establishing its volume and pressure. Specific energy is defined as the energy per unit mass. Common metric units are J/kg. It is an intensive property. Contrast this with energy, which is an extensive property. There are two main types of specific energy: potential energy and specific kinetic energy. 9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity
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