Give an example of Convergent Evolution that we did NOT discuss in class. In you

Question

Give an example of Convergent Evolution that we did NOT discuss in class. In your explanation, you need to explain what the trait is and give at least 2 species who have this trait, and explain why it is an analogy (convergent evolution) and not a homology (what is it used for). Compare and contrast Plants. Animals and Fungi In your answer, you need to include at least two similarities between all three of the groups, at least one similarity between Plants and Fungi, and one similarity between Animals and Fungi.

Explanation / Answer

C. Answer:

Homology/ homologous structures : It is the structural similarity (no fuctional similarity) in organs of different species derived from common ancestor. For ex. forelimbs of vertebrates (human hand, forelimb of a dog, wings of bats etc.).

Analogy/ analogous structures: The organs represents functional similarity (no structural similarity) derived from different ancestor.

For ex. 1. wings of birds and insects.

Convergent Evolution: Covergent evolution forms analogous structures (similar fuction) which are not present in ancestor. For ex. Bats, birds and insects are evolved individualy from different ancestos and performs similar function of flying. Convergent evolution is an analogous change not a homologous change (as mentioned above analogy and homology).

Few more examples of convergent evolution:

1. wings of birds and insects have same fuction of flying but different structure.

2. whales's flippers (mammal) and fins of fishes have same fuction of swimming but different in structure.

3. Fuction of legs of vertebrates and legs of inscts is same but have different structure.

D. Answer:

Differences in plant, animal and fungi

            Plants                                                           Animal                                             Fungi

         Multicellular                                                     Multicellular                                      Unicellular / Multicellular       

        Autotrophs                                                       Heterotrophs                                     Heterotrophs (decomposers)

       Have cell wall                                                  No cell wall                                         have cell wall

      Starch is reserve food                                      Glycogen is reserved food     

     Have chlorophyll                                               No chlorophyll                                      no chlorophyll

    deep rooted, Can not move                               Can move                                             can not move

   give oxygen, take carbondioxide                        take oxygen, give carbondioxide    decomposers of organic matter

Similarities in plant and fungi       

Plants                                                           Fungi                                            

Eukaryotes                                                   Eukaryotes

Multicellular                                                  Multicellular/ Unicellular

have Cell wall (cellulose)                              have cell wall (chitin)  

Similarities in animal and fungi       

Animal                                                                                        Fungi                               

Eukaryotes                                                                                  Eukaryotes

Heterotrophs                                                                               Heterotrophs

dependent on plants for food                                                     depends on plant, animal or dead & decaying matter

Multicellular                                                                                 Multicellular/ Unicellular

       

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