Several of the life science standards beginning in seventh grade involve teachin

Question

Several of the life science standards beginning in seventh grade involve teaching evolution.
For example: Explain how the scientific theory of evolution is supported by the fossil record, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, biogeography, molecular biology, and observed evolutionary change.
Answer the following question 2 questions

Describe two processes by which evolution can occur.

What would be the most challenging aspect of teaching/explaining evolution for you? Is there some aspect that you don't understand or doesn't quite make sense?

Explanation / Answer

Scientific theory of evolution is defined with the help of various factors like---1)fossil record    2)comparative anatomy 3) comaparative embryology 5)biogeography  6)molecular biology 7)evolutionary change.

Fossil record--Radioactive carbon dating of bone remains of various animals and plants can be analysed to study the mode of formation of these oraganisms in evolutionary history example remains of elephants, dinosaurs,birds,reptiles,monkeys,cats, rats and humans.

Comparative anatomy--The fins of whales, birds, bats,arms of human, have homologous structures and bone morphology is the same although size and shape of the bones is different. Vestigial structures are present in humans like wisdom teeth, hip bones in reptiles, coccyx, which are rudimentary and have lost functional significance after evolution.

Comparative embryology--The embryos of various organisms look alike and the layers of the fertilized egg are defined as ectoderm,mesoderm,endoderm which are characterised in every animal and humans along with developmental biology. The fertilized egg forms blastula, gastrula, morula, with neural crest in every organism. The cells differentiate and migrate to different organs during differentiation and lead to the formation of embryo.

biogeography-- The species of birds like darwins finches found in the galapagos islands have emerged after genetic drift,gene flow and migration to these islands from a number of countries. The morphology and anatomy of birds differ in shape and size of beaks formed after evolution. The study of moth insects example the calcareous moths of western moths with gas-exchange capacity are different from grey moths and black moths and colored moths exhibiting mullerian and batesian mimicry.

molecular biology---The study of the genes and DNA of different organisms can be analysed by forensic studies with the help of various techniques like restriction fragment length polymorphism,rapid amplification of polymorphic DNA.

observed evolutionary change--The change is the shape and size of bones along with their differentiation is the most prominent characteristic of evolution in various species.

Factors contributing to the challenging aspect of teaching in evolution---rapid mutation during evolution, different cognitive,thinking and adaptive skills,different intelligence and learning capabilities, basic understanding of the subject capability, different capacity to analyse complex situations due to implementation of statistical principles, different learning capability due to racial differences, origin of human species from lower evolutionary background have less perception capacity and teaching capacity than origin of species from higher evolutinary background, racial bias and discrimination among different species having different evolutionary background, species from economically poor background have inferior teaching capacity than humans from economically rich background.

Aspect difficult to understand--Further the evolution of species after genetic migration,gene flow, heterosis and hybrid vigour, level of heterozygosity, random selection,mutation,adaptive radiation,recombination events makes it difficult to analyse the teaching evolutionary capability of different human races as analysed by statistical study in human race and ethnicity groups working together to serve the higher human races example the development of monuments, architechtural skills have less teaching evolutionary capacity.

Various theories have been developed to study the evolutionary morphology of insects,reptiles,amphibians,birds and humans but there is difficulty in linking the theories with each other due to different evolutionary patterns like divergent and convergent evolution. The statistical study of weight of organism,biomass of organism, muscle load of organism,study of length of bones, pattern of development of bones, anatomy and similar and dissimilar morphology makes it difficult to from a linking parameter after statistical analysis.

Various no child left behind acts have been developed to impart equal status to teaching evolutionary faculty from various races.

2 processes by which evolution can occur---1)natural selection   2)genetic drift and migration.

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