PAUL EWALD BOOK 1 Symptoms can be, according to Ewald, either a “defense” or a “
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Question
PAUL EWALD BOOK
1 Symptoms can be, according to Ewald, either a “defense” or a “manipulation.” What do the terms mean and “who” uses them.
2 Ewald says you should treat or not treat a symptom depending on “its function.” Why ?
3 Fever is sometimes a defense, and some times a manipulation. Explain.
4 Does Ewald approve or disapprove of multi-symptom cold remedies. Why?
5 Aspirin seems to “cause” a specific disease when taken by people of a certain age when they suffer from a specific illness. What disease is caused, what is the age group at risk, and what is the illness that they take the aspirin for?
6 What does Ewald think aspirin does that causes the problem?
What other products does Ewald fear may be dangerous even though no one knows for sure that they are, based on his theory?
Cholera bacteria produce what product in order to release water and salt?
Creating a salty and wet environment helps the cholera bacteria thrive, and it “washes away” something they don’t like? What?
Toxin producing cholera bacteria appear at the start, middle or end of the infection? And why there and not at the other times?
Is diarrhea a defense or a manipulation when a human is infected with cholera?
Why? What “use” does the diarrhea have?
Why did the human body evolve diarrhea in the first place, what purposes does it serve?
What is the chief treatment for Cholera?
What is the negative aspect of that treatment that is often overlooked?
Dysentery is diarrhea caused by a variety of microscopic infections. What is the most common cause of it in the world today?
Is diarrhea a defense of the body or a manipulation of the microbe in this case? And is an anti-diarrhea product good or bad in such cases? Why?
Are microbes always hurt by a successful body defense mechanism. If so why, if not why? use number 17 to answer this.
What is the effect on evolutionary processes of symptoms that helps both host and microbes?
Is there a conflict between the interest of the individual and the community over treating infectious diseases? If so what?
Why is morning sickness possibly a good thing?
Chapter 3
What is a vector?
Why are vector borne diseases more virulent than non-vector borne ones?
The common theory that adaptation between host and microbe leads to a benign relationship. Ewald uses Australian rabbits as an example of why this is false. What does he say?
Malaria is caused by a microbic parasite (not a bacteria or a virus). Ewald thinks that window screens would do wonders against it. Why?
He is not optimistic about a vaccine. Why?
He doesn’t believe that preventing malaria entirely is a reasonable goal. What is a reasonable goal?
Chapter 4
What are sit and wait microbes and are they more or less virulent and why?
Chapter 5
Why is water like a mosquito?
What is a cultural vector?
Who dies most frequently from diarrheal diseases?
Does clean water eliminate dysentery? If yes, why. If no, what does it “favor”?
Why did the milder El Tor strain of cholera replace the older strain? How is it spread? What does produce less of?
Oral Rehydration Therapy doesn’t prevent all harm possible harm to the individual. Why?
Explanation / Answer
Ques-1: According to Paul Ewald, the “manipulation” is the term used for the "pathogens" that can manipulate human homosexuality so that host sexual manipulation by a germ. There are two types of defenses one acts as immune function to defend that germ entered into the host and another type of defense is "self-destructive defense" (autoimmune). These terms were used by Cochran for studying fitness-antagonistic diseases
Que-2 Ewald says you should treat or not treat a symptom depending on “its function.” Why ?
Answer: According to Paul Ewald, it is essential to treat symptom caused by any disease or disorder due to improper functioning of the system within the body. The relieving of symptoms by treating specific disease would beneficial to the organ systems to function for eliminating the illness causing pathogen rather than "not treating symptom"
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