PARTI 1. Define the terms tumor suppressor gene and oncogene. (5pts.) 2. Classif

Question

PARTI 1. Define the terms tumor suppressor gene and oncogene. (5pts.) 2. Classify each of the following as a tumor suppressor gene or oncogene based upon their role in tumor development, and identify the acquired hallmark capability from Hanahan and Weinberg's Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation. (lpt. each) Gene (or Tumor protein Suppressor Oncogene Neither Hallmark Capability Gene EGFR Rb 21 Bel-2 16 Ras PTPs (protein tyrosine TGF-a CDK4 E-cadherin MDM2 Telomerase VEGF 3. Many cancers exhibit unique metastatic patterns; for example, breast cancers most frequently metastasize to the bone marrow, lungs, liver, and brain, while colon cancers most frequently metastasize to the liver, lung, and peritoneum. Describe the key physiologic properties that influence where tumor metastases will occur. (5pts.)

Explanation / Answer

PART I
1.Ans-
Tumor suppressor gene :
Tumour suppressor gene or antioncogene is a gene that slows down the process of cell division and repair DNA mistakes and apoptosis. Due to mutation this gene becomes inactivated that lead to cancer. For example- p53 is a tumor suppressor protein that encoded by TP53 gene. Mutation in this gene causes different types of cancer such as breast cancer, leukemias, lymphomas, sarcomas and neurogenic tumors.
Oncogene:
Oncogene is a cancer-causing gene. Due to mutation, Proto-oncogenes become an oncogene. Proto-oncogene regulates the normal cell growth and differentiation. Oncogene is activated by chromosome rearrangements and gene duplication.Example- Src-family, Syk-ZAP-70 family, and BTK family of tyrosine kinases, the Abl gene in CML - Philadelphia chromosome.

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