1. Describe the structure of a nerve cell axon describe the function of a nerve
ID: 162807 • Letter: 1
Question
1. Describe the structure of a nerve cell axon describe the function of a nerve cell axon. 3. How does the structure of an axon relate to its function?
4. Describe the structure of a muscle fiber. What are the “striped lines” across a muscle fiber called?
6. How does the structure of a muscle fiber relate to its function?
7. Describe the structure of a nerve cell axon relative to a muscle fiber.
8. Based on the structure of nerve cell axons and muscle fibers, what function (at the organism level) do they work together to perform? Use an example to support your answer.
Explanation / Answer
1.Structure of axon:
Function of nerve cell axon:It transmits electric signals from a nerve to different other nerves, gland or muscles.
Structure of axon related to its function:As the axon protrudes from the cell body of neuron,it transmits neural signals away from the neuron.An action potential initiates at the axon hillox.The cell membrane of the axon undergoes polarization and depolarization that helps in the transmission of action potential.The termius of axons releases neurotransmitters through which signals are passed to adjacent cells via synapses.
4.Structure of muscle fibre:
The striped lines across a muscle fibre is known as Z lines.
6.The sarcoplasm consists of mitochondris that produce ATP required for contraction of muscle.The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a store house of calcium that is required during muscle contraction and is therefore released by sarcoplasmic reticulum.The myoglobin pigment stores oxygen that is required for generation of ATP by mitochondria.The sarcomeres form the unit of contraction.the thick and thin filaments form cross bridges required for muscle contraction.
7.The axon cell is a part of the nerve;s cell body while muscle fibre is part of muscle cell.Axon are usually of more length than muscle fibres.The length of axon is independent while that of muscle fibre depends on the interaction between the thick and thin filaments.The axon lacks any such specific proteins while the muscle cell fibre contains myoglobin pigment.The myelin sheath of axon is discontinuous to form nodes of ranvier while the sarcolemma of muscle fibre forms tunnel like projections known as transverse or T tubules.
8.The axon and muscle fibre work together in send electric signals from brain and spinal cord to the muscle that undergoes contraction to carry out certain processes in the body.For example when we touch as hot plate,the heat stimulus is send to spinal cord via afferent nerve fibres in form of electric signals.From spinal cord, the signals are send via efferent nerve fibres and axons to muscle cell fibres at the synapses via release of neurotransmitters.The muscle cell then undergoes contraction and we remove our hand at once.
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