3. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is the dominant serovar in poultry to

Question

3. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is the dominant serovar in poultry today, most likely due to removal of serovars that compete for the same ecological niche (10 pts.). a. Name one of those serovars that is believed to have competed with S. Enteritidis.

b. How was the competitive serovar removed from the niche?




c. Why was the competitive serovar removed from the niche?   
3. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is the dominant serovar in poultry today, most likely due to removal of serovars that compete for the same ecological niche (10 pts.). a. Name one of those serovars that is believed to have competed with S. Enteritidis.

b. How was the competitive serovar removed from the niche?




c. Why was the competitive serovar removed from the niche?   
3. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is the dominant serovar in poultry today, most likely due to removal of serovars that compete for the same ecological niche (10 pts.). a. Name one of those serovars that is believed to have competed with S. Enteritidis.

b. How was the competitive serovar removed from the niche?




c. Why was the competitive serovar removed from the niche?   

Explanation / Answer

a) S. gallinarum

b) Control programs that incorporated good hygiene management, biosecurity enforcement, serological tests, and slaughter policies helped with the eradication of S. gallinarum. In 1935, the US Federal Government executed the National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP) in order to reduce the mortality of chickens from Gallinarum disease. In the 1950s, poultry breeders and hatchers in US implemented tests (blood analysis, tube agglutination, and rapid serum test) for S. Gallinarum on a regular basis while uniform national management standards were adopted. Furthermore, in the 1950s vaccination was implemented to control fowl typhoid. Two decades later this disease was eradicated and by 1975 there was no evidence of infection in commercial poultry.

c) The diseases caused by Salmonella Gallinarum and S. Pullorum in chickens known as fowl typhoid and pullorum disease, respectively, pose a great threat to the poultry industry mainly in developing countries, since they have already been controlled in the developed ones. These bacteria are very similar at the genomic level but develop distinct host-pathogen relationships with chickens. Therefore, a deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms whereby S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum interact with the host could lead to the development of new approaches to control and, perhaps, eradicate both diseases from the chicken flocks worldwide.

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