The issue any biologist faces is, \"Just how does one decide which organisms sho

Question

The issue any biologist faces is, "Just how does one decide which organisms should share the same species, and which organisims should be in different species?" This leads to the exmaination of just what it means to say that two organisms are member of the smae species.

Explore the meaning of the word "species". Why is the application of this word sometimes a problem? Consider both (1) the problems of clearly defining living species, and (2) the problems a paleontologist, who is dealing with extinct organisms, would have with this definition.

Note: it is impossible to adequately answer this question unless you begin by stating a clear, practicle and usable definition of "species"-- one which a biologist can use to answer the question about weather two organisims belong in the same species or not.

Explanation / Answer

In biology, the term 'species' refers to a group of organisms which share not only genetic similarities, but also biological features, can inter-breed with each other to give fertile offsprings and share evolutionary history as well. Thus, based upon these features, a set of organisms can be identified as similar or dissimilar species.

Generally, a series of examinations are performed to validate these findings. Firstly, the physical features, morphological appearances, behavioural parameters as well as abiotic interactive manners are studied. Thenafter, the genetic composition of the organisms is compared for similarities. The extent of similarities thus provides the information whether the organisms belong to same species or not.

However, sometimes problems are faced while using the term 'species'. This is because many organisms of non-related species share strikingly similar morphological as well as physiological features. They may also tend to interbreed and share same geographical area and niche with the native species. This leads to confusions and mis-interpretation of the other organisms to be identified as same species.

Thus, while performing a paleontological study, it remains important to not only refer to available literature, have thorough knowledge about species identification and classification but also conduct advanced research for identifying genetic similarities between sample organisms.

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